M11 Flashcards
Virus(Viron)
Infectious microbe
Can a virus replicate on its own
Cannot replicate on its own
What do Viruses consist of
Nuclei acid core (DNA/RNA)
Protein coating (capsid)
(Sometimes) Phospholipid envelope
What makes viruses hard to study
No fossil record -> difficult to study
Are viruses living species
No
Can Viruses reproduce
No, USe host to replicate
Can Viruses Grow
Replicate into “Adult” form
Do Viruses have energy processing
No, neither producers nor consumers
What domains of life do viruses affect
All domains
How big are viruses
very small
What are Viruses’ Shape and forms like
Very diverse, depends on host specificity
Are all Viruses the same
No, Varied Complexity
Is Viron complexity the same as host complexity
No
What are the 4 steps of replication
Attachment
Entrance
Replication
Replication
What happens in the Attachment for Virus Replication
Binding of Virion to host cell
What happens in the Entrance for Viral replication
DNA/RNA injected in or endocytosis occurs
What happens in Replication for Viral replication
Viral genetic materials hijacks host replication machinery
What happens in Release for Viral replication
Budding(HIV), or Lysis(Common cold)
What are the 2 categories of treatment for Viruses
Antiviral drugs
Vaccines
What do Antiviral drugs do
Do not prevent disease
Reduce Symptoms -> Target viral enzymes/proteins
What do Vaccines do
Weekend viral solution -> minor symptoms
future immunity
Viruses mutate quickly -> annual vaccines
What is your immune system
Organs, Cells and Proteins that defend the body against infection
What are the characteristics of Innate immunity
Time Within Hours
Non-Specific
no memory
What is the first line of defense
Physical Barriers
What are the Physical barries in innate immunity
Skin, Secreations, Mucous
What is second line of defense
Internal defenses
What are the internal defenses?
Non-Specific WBC, complement system, inflammation
Do non-specific white blood cells only respond to just one antigen
No, many antigens
What is an antigen
Any molecule that stimulates an immune response
What do Macrophate + Netrophil do
Enguld foreign particles and pathogens
What do Natural Killer cells do
Target infected cells, release chemicals that induce cell death
What is the Complement System
proteins that assist with innate immunity
What does the complement system do
Enhance Phagocytosis
Boreholes in pathogens
Recruit WBC
What is Inflammation
Localized swelling, redness, and pain form WBC moving through capillaries to infection site
What is the Third line of defense
Adaptive Immune System
What are the characteristics of a Adaptive immune system
Specific to Pathogen type
Days to weeks to activate
Long term protection -> memory
What are the 2 types of Adaptive immune system
Response Type 1 - Humoral
Response Type 2 - Cell-Mediated
What is the Humoral Response
B Cell(WBC) recognizes antigen - > binds to antigen
Helper T Cell (TH) activated B cell to divide into plasma cells or memory B cells
What are plasma cells
Produce antibodies to eliminate extracellular pathogens
What are memory B Cells
Wait for reinfection
What is Cell Mediate response
Dendritic cell or macrophage breaks down a pathogen -> presents antigenic material on cell surface to activate TH/send for help and call Cytoxoic T cells
What do Cytotoxic T cells do
Attack and destroy disruptions in the immune system
What is immunodeficiency
failure in or delayed response
What are the 2 types of immunodefiency
Genetic
Acquired
What is Hypersensitivity
incorrect response to harmless foreign substances
What is autoimmunity
hypersensitivity to self-antigens
Antibody incorrectly markes self-component as foreign
