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BIOSC-101 E2 > M11 > Flashcards

M11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Virus(Viron)

A

Infectious microbe

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2
Q

Can a virus replicate on its own

A

Cannot replicate on its own

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3
Q

What do Viruses consist of

A

Nuclei acid core (DNA/RNA)
Protein coating (capsid)
(Sometimes) Phospholipid envelope

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4
Q

What makes viruses hard to study

A

No fossil record -> difficult to study

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5
Q

Are viruses living species

A

No

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6
Q

Can Viruses reproduce

A

No, USe host to replicate

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7
Q

Can Viruses Grow

A

Replicate into “Adult” form

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8
Q

Do Viruses have energy processing

A

No, neither producers nor consumers

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9
Q

What domains of life do viruses affect

A

All domains

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10
Q

How big are viruses

A

very small

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11
Q

What are Viruses’ Shape and forms like

A

Very diverse, depends on host specificity

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12
Q

Are all Viruses the same

A

No, Varied Complexity

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13
Q

Is Viron complexity the same as host complexity

A

No

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14
Q

What are the 4 steps of replication

A

Attachment
Entrance
Replication
Replication

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15
Q

What happens in the Attachment for Virus Replication

A

Binding of Virion to host cell

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16
Q

What happens in the Entrance for Viral replication

A

DNA/RNA injected in or endocytosis occurs

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17
Q

What happens in Replication for Viral replication

A

Viral genetic materials hijacks host replication machinery

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18
Q

What happens in Release for Viral replication

A

Budding(HIV), or Lysis(Common cold)

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19
Q

What are the 2 categories of treatment for Viruses

A

Antiviral drugs
Vaccines

20
Q

What do Antiviral drugs do

A

Do not prevent disease
Reduce Symptoms -> Target viral enzymes/proteins

21
Q

What do Vaccines do

A

Weekend viral solution -> minor symptoms
future immunity
Viruses mutate quickly -> annual vaccines

22
Q

What is your immune system

A

Organs, Cells and Proteins that defend the body against infection

23
Q

What are the characteristics of Innate immunity

A

Time Within Hours
Non-Specific
no memory

24
Q

What is the first line of defense

A

Physical Barriers

25
Q

What are the Physical barries in innate immunity

A

Skin, Secreations, Mucous

26
Q

What is second line of defense

A

Internal defenses

27
Q

What are the internal defenses?

A

Non-Specific WBC, complement system, inflammation

28
Q

Do non-specific white blood cells only respond to just one antigen

A

No, many antigens

29
Q

What is an antigen

A

Any molecule that stimulates an immune response

30
Q

What do Macrophate + Netrophil do

A

Enguld foreign particles and pathogens

31
Q

What do Natural Killer cells do

A

Target infected cells, release chemicals that induce cell death

32
Q

What is the Complement System

A

proteins that assist with innate immunity

33
Q

What does the complement system do

A

Enhance Phagocytosis
Boreholes in pathogens
Recruit WBC

34
Q

What is Inflammation

A

Localized swelling, redness, and pain form WBC moving through capillaries to infection site

35
Q

What is the Third line of defense

A

Adaptive Immune System

36
Q

What are the characteristics of a Adaptive immune system

A

Specific to Pathogen type
Days to weeks to activate
Long term protection -> memory

37
Q

What are the 2 types of Adaptive immune system

A

Response Type 1 - Humoral
Response Type 2 - Cell-Mediated

38
Q

What is the Humoral Response

A

B Cell(WBC) recognizes antigen - > binds to antigen
Helper T Cell (TH) activated B cell to divide into plasma cells or memory B cells

39
Q

What are plasma cells

A

Produce antibodies to eliminate extracellular pathogens

40
Q

What are memory B Cells

A

Wait for reinfection

41
Q

What is Cell Mediate response

A

Dendritic cell or macrophage breaks down a pathogen -> presents antigenic material on cell surface to activate TH/send for help and call Cytoxoic T cells

42
Q

What do Cytotoxic T cells do

A

Attack and destroy disruptions in the immune system

43
Q

What is immunodeficiency

A

failure in or delayed response

44
Q

What are the 2 types of immunodefiency

A

Genetic
Acquired

45
Q

What is Hypersensitivity

A

incorrect response to harmless foreign substances

46
Q

What is autoimmunity

A

hypersensitivity to self-antigens
Antibody incorrectly markes self-component as foreign

BIOSC-101 E2 (9 decks)

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