M7 Chpt 12: Principles of Planning Effective Community Interventions

Question 1

Program

Answer 1

A collection of activities intended to produce a particular outcome

Question 2

Subjective Data Analysis

Answer 2

• The collection & analysis of data on the various clients’ perceived needs
• Includes clarification of community values & analysis of the community (external) and agency (internal) environments where the program will operate

Question 3

Community nutritionists can get subjective data by

Answer 3

• Studying mass media -> reading local newspaper
• Listen to area radio stations -> especially ones that target ethnic/special interests
• Watching local TV coverage

Question 4

Mission Statement

Answer 4

A statement of clear direction for the health program

Question 5

Goals

Answer 5

Broad statements of desired outcome/changes

Question 6

Objectives

Answer 6

Specific, measurable actions of the desired outcome to be completed within a specified timeframe

Question 7

A to E Method of Writing Objectives

Answer 7

• A: Audience -> target audience
• B: Behavior -> behavior for target audience to adopt
• C: Condition -> What condition will need happen for change to be made (intervention/program)
• D: Degree -> Acceptable minimum level of performance
• E: Evaluation How to assess outcome of program

Question 8

Action plan

Answer 8

A concise statement of methods, activities, or intervention strategies for a primary, secondary, and/or tertiary prevention program

Question 9

The two aspects of any management system are

Answer 9

• The personnel who will manage/organize the program

- The data system

Question 10

What do the personnel in a management system do?

Answer 10

• Manage & organize program
• Make sure its goals/objectives will be addressed
• Their skills & qualification will influence the quality of the program

Question 11

What does the data system in a management system do?

Answer 11

• Determines how the program will measure/record data
• Participant use of program
• Program outcomes

Question 12

A feasibility study happens ____ program initiation and must be accomplished before…

Answer 12

• During

- Significant expenses are carried out

Question 13

Why is it important to link the budget to the program activities?

Answer 13

• Reduces unnecessary activities
• Increase efficiency of carrying out the program
• Reduce costs

Question 14

What government agencies are principal government sources of funding for food & nutrition programs?

Answer 14

• US Department of Health and Human Services

- US Department of Agriculture

Question 15

Formative Evaluation

Answer 15

• Begins with an assessment of the need for a program

- Occurs throughout all programming processes

Question 16

Summative Evaluation

Answer 16

• Used to assess program outcomes or as a follow-up to the results of the program activities
• Occurs at the end of program

Question 17

____ % of program budget should be allocated to program evaluation

Answer 17

10%

Question 18

People concerned w/ evaluation of a program can be divided into 4 categories, these are:

Answer 18

• The population/community itself
• The change agents (community nutritionists, physicians, etc.)
• The evaluation specialists internal/external to the planning team
• The sponsors/government representatives

Question 19

The 3 integral parts of general program evaluation are

Answer 19

• Responsiveness
• Effectiveness
• Efficiency

Question 20

Program evaluation is often conceptualized in terms of…

Answer 20

• Process
• Structure
• Impact
• Outcomes

Question 21

Process Evaluation

Answer 21

• Describes all the activities conducted to produce change
• Answers, was the program implemented as planned?
• Focuses on program activities rather than outcome

Question 22

Structural Evaluation

Answer 22

• Consists of assessing the resources used in providing the nutrition program
• Evaluates the settings the program was carried out in
• Includes materials, qualifications of staff, organized structures, program delivery factors

Question 23

Outcome Evaluation

Answer 23

• AKA summative evaluation
• Provides information about program performance
• Evaluates if program achieved goals & objectives

Question 24

Impact Evaluation

Answer 24

• Sometimes this term is used interchangeably w/ outcome evaluation
• Measures the immediate effects of the program on participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors

Question 25

What is a Cost-Benefit Analysis?

Answer 25

The evaluation of the costs of a program in relation to health outcomes

Question 26

What does a Cost-Benefit Analysis do/how does it work?

Answer 26

• Converts program inputs/outputs into monetary terms and determines if there is a net benefit to the program
• Subtracts costs from benefits
• Also evaluates efficiency

Question 27

Direct Costs

Answer 27

• The resources budgeted for or assigned to the program

- Ex: salaries, equipment, marketing supplies, etc.

Question 28

Indirect Costs

Answer 28

• Resources that allow the program to operate, but are not directly attributable to a specific program
• Ex: Childcare costs, time lost from work for participants, etc.

Question 29

Benefits

Answer 29

Positive outcomes/consequences of a program