M6 Subtopic 1 Flashcards
Biological process by which new plants are produced from existing ones (biogenesis omg)
Plant Reproduction
ensures the survival of plant species by enabling them to spread and colonize new environments.
Reproduction
Involves the fusion of male and female gametes (pollen and ovule) to form a zygote, which develops into a seed
Sexual Reproduction in Plants
Key Structures involved in plants’ sexual reproduction
Flowers
Pollen
Ovule
The reproductive organs of flowering plants, where pollination occurs
Flowers
The male gamete produced by the anthers
Pollen
The female gamete contained within the ovary
Ovule
Process of plants’ sexual reproduction
Pollination
Fertilization
Seed Formation
Transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma, which can be facilitated by wind, water, or animals
Pollination
The pollen tube grows down the style, allowing sperm to reach and fertilize the ovule
Fertilization
The fertilized ovule develops into a seed, and the ovary matures into a fruit.
Seed Formation
Occurs without the fusion of gametes, producing offspring genetically identical to the parent plant.
Asexual reproduction in plants
Common methods of plants’ asexual reproduction
Vegetative Propagation
Budding
Fragmentation
New plants grow from parts of the parent plant, such as roots, stems, or leaves
Vegetative Propagation
A new plant grows from a bud on the parent plant
Budding
New plants form from fragments of the parent plant
Fragmentation (Plants)
the fertilized ovules that develop into new plants. They contain the embryo and a food supply, encased in a protective coat
Seeds
After pollination and fertilization, the ovule develops into a ____.
Seed
After the ovule develops into a seed, The surrounding ovary grows into a fruit, which aids in ____ _________ through various mechanisms like wind, water, or animals.
Seed dispersal
Can occur through sexual reproduction, involving the fusion of male and female gametes, or asexual reproduction, where offspring are produced without gamete fusion.
Animal Reproduction
Involves internal or external fertilization, leading to genetic diversity in offspring.
Sexual reproduction in animals
Includes methods like budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis, resulting in genetically identical offspring
Asexual reproduction in animals
Occurs inside the female’s body
Internal Fertilization
Type of vertebrate that develops offspring inside the mother’s womb
Mammals
Type of vertebrate in which eggs are fertilized internally, then laid
Birds
Type of vertebrate that in which its fertilized eggs are often laid in protective environments
Reptiles
Occurs outside the body, typically in water.
External Fertilization
Eggs are laid in water, and sperm is released over them.
Amphibians
Their females lay eggs in water, and males fertilize them externally
Fishies
Specialized Reproductive Strategies
Hermaphroditism
Viviparity
Oviparity
Ovoviviparity
Embryos develop inside the mother and are born live
viviparity
Eggs are laid and developed outside the mother’s body
Oviparity
Eggs develop inside the mother’s body, but there is no direct nourishments from the mother
Ovoviviparity
Asexual reproduction in Animal
Fragmentation and Parthenogenesis
Occurs when an organism breaks into two or more fragments each of which develops into a complete individual.
Fragmentation
An egg develops into an individual without being fertilized by a sperm.
Parthenogenesis
