M4 Subtopic 2 Flashcards
Enumerate the Hierarchy of Life (Smallest to Largest)
Atom
Molecule
Macromolecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
Enumerate the five common characteristics of life discussed.
Gathering and Using of Energy
Nutrient Uptake and Processing
Waste Elimination
Adapting and Evolving
Reproducing and Continuing of Life
The process by which energy is released by the breakdown of food substances.
Cellular respiration
All chemical processes, reactions, and energy changes happening inside the body.
Metabolism
The process by which organisms acquire food.
Nutrition
Two types of energy acquisition?
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
Organisms like plants capture energy from sunlight through photosynthesis.
Autotrophs
Nutrients are broken down and converted into usable forms of energy through processes like cellular respiration.
Processing
Involves the absorption of essential nutrients from the environment or food.
Nutrient Uptake
Organisms like animals obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
Heterotrophs
A crucial biological process that involves the removal of harmful metabolic byproducts from an organism’s body.
Waste Elimination
Refers to an organism’s ability to move or manipulate its environment. It allows organisms to find food, escape predators.
Motility
Level in which movement of substances occur within cells (e.g., cytoplasmic streaming).
Cellular Level
Movement of the entire organism (e.g., walking, swimming, flying).
Organismal Level
The ability of an organism to respond to stimuli from its environment. This responsiveness is crucial for survival, enabling organisms to adapt to changing conditions.
Irritability
Process through which organisms adjust to their environment to improve survival and reproduction.
Adaptation
The three types of adaptation are…?
Structural
Behavioral
Physiological
Refers to the changes of physical features (e.g., thick fur for cold climates).
Structural Adaptation
Refers to the changes of actions or behaviors (e.g., migration in birds).
Behavioral Adaptation
Refers to the changes of internal processes (e.g., sweating to cool down).
Physiological Adaptation
The change in the genetic makeup of a population over time, leading to the development of new species. Ensures genetic diversity and life continuity.
Evolution
Essential for the life cycle of organisms, from conception to maturity.
Growth and Development
Refers to the increase in size and number of cells in an organism.
Growth
Involves the process by which an organism matures from a single cell to a complex organism.
Development
The process by which organisms produce offspring to continue their species - ensures the continuity of life and genetic diversity.
Reproduction
When offspring arise from a single parent (e.g., binary fission in bacteria).
Asexual Reproduction
When it involves the fusion of gametes from two parents (e.g., humans).
Sexual Reproduction
The passing of traits from parents to offspring through genetic material (DNA). It explains why offspring resemble their parents and is fundamental to the study of genetics.
Could occur in traits (eye color, blood type) or genetic disorders (hemophilia, cystic fibrosis)
Heredity
