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Earth Life Science > M4 Subtopic 1 > Flashcards

M4 Subtopic 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The Study of Life

A

Biology

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2
Q

Study of microorganisms

A

MIcrobiology

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3
Q

Study of plants

A

Botany

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4
Q

Study of animals

A

Zoology

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5
Q

Naming and classifying organisms

A

Taxonomy

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6
Q

Structures and functions of cells

A

Cytology

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7
Q

Formation and development of organisms

A

Embryology

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8
Q

Structures and parts of organisms

A

Anatomy

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9
Q

Functions of living organisms and their parts

A

Physiology

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10
Q

Chemical compositions of living things

A

Biochemistry

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11
Q

Heredity and variation

A

Genetics

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12
Q

Origin and differentiation of various organisms

A

Evolution

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13
Q

Relationships of organisms with their environment and each other

A

Ecology

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14
Q

Molecules that make up or influence the cells of living organisms

A

Molecular Biology

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15
Q

Genetic material (genome) of an organism

A

Genomics

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16
Q

Proteins in a living organism

A

Proteomics

17
Q

Immune system and processes of immunity

A

Immunology

18
Q

Biological data using computer programs

A

Bioinformatics

19
Q

The ancient belief that life could emerge from non-living matter

A

Abiogenesis

20
Q

Abiogenesis is also known as…?

A

The Theory of Spontaneous Generation

21
Q

The scientifically accepted principle that life can only arise from pre-existing life.

A

Biogenesis

22
Q

Enumerate the four individuals whose experiments were discussed.

A

Francesco Redi
John Needham
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Louis Pasteur

23
Q

During the experiment, flies were attracted to the smell of the meat only when the container allowed them to enter, or had an opening for the smell to permeate.

Maggots were laid on the meat when the container was open; maggots were laid near/on top of the container when it had a partial opening.

Disproved Abiogenesis/Spontaneous Generation.

A

Fransesco Redi’s Experiment

24
Q

Boiling of mutton broth to kill any microorganisms, poured into a flask and corked, and was then left for several days. This yielded a cloudy broth in which microorganisms were found.

Temporarily revived the idea of Abiogenesis/Spontaneous Generation.

A

John Needham’s Experiment

25
Q

A swan-neck flask was designed to trap any particles in the bend but allow air to enter which prevented them from reaching the broth inside. The broth was then boiled to kill microorganisms and left for a few weeks.

Despite being exposed to the air, no microorganisms appeared in the broth due to the swan-neck trapping airborne particles. When the neck broke, it allowed dust to enter, which then allowed microbial growth.

Heavily disproved Abiogenesis.

A

Louis Pasteur’s Experiment

25
Q

Boiling of broth to ensure all microorganisms were gone and poured into several flasks - some tightly sealed, some left open. They were left for a few days.

No microorganisms were found in the tightly-sealed flasks, as microorganisms were found in the open ones, suggesting that they were from the environment rather then being generated spontaneously.

Brings evidence to Biogenesis (life from pre-existing life).

A

Lazzaro Spallanzini’s Experiment

26
Q

Involves a supernatural creator. Often rooted in religious texts, and emphasizes purpose and design.

A

Divine Creation

27
Q

Naturalistic explanation; based on chemical and physical processes. Supported by scientific experiments and theories.

A

Spontaneous Origin

28
Q

The hypothesis that life did not originate on Earth but was brought here from elsewhere in the universe, possibly via comets, meteorites, or interstellar dust.

A

Panspermia

29
Q

Enumerate the variants of Panspermia

A

Lithopanspermia
Radiopanspermia
Directed Panspermia

30
Q

Life spreads through rocky fragments ejected from planets.

A

Lithopanspermia

31
Q

Microorganisms are spread by radiation pressure from stars.

A

Radiopanspermia

32
Q

Suggests that life was deliberately spread by an advanced extraterrestrial civilization.

A

Directed Panspermia

Earth Life Science (10 decks)

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