M5 Subtopic 1

Question 1

The smallest unit of life that can function independently and perform all the necessary functions of life, including metabolism, growth, and reproduction

Often referred to as the “building blocks of life” because all living organisms are made up of it.

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

This type of cell has no nucleus

Answer 2

Prokaryotic Cell

Question 3

This type of cell has a nucleus

Answer 3

Eukaryotic Cell

Question 4

Cell Theory (3)

Answer 4

All Living Things are Composed of One or More Cells
The Cell is the Basic Unit of Structure and Organization in Organisms
All Cells Arise from Pre-existing Cells

Question 5

An organism that has only one single cell, like most kinds of bacteria. Single cells manage all activities.

Answer 5

Unicellular

Question 6

An organism composed of many different cells with different functions.

Answer 6

Multicellular

Question 7

New cells are formed through a general process, where a parent cell divides to produce two or more daughter cells.

Answer 7

Cell Division

Question 8

A process that results in two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell, crucial for growth and repair.

Answer 8

Mitosis

Question 9

A specialized form of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells),reducing the chromosome number by half, ensuring genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms.

Answer 9

Meiosis

Question 10

The Three Basic Cell Structure:

Answer 10

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane

Question 11

the control center of the cell, often referred to as the “brain” of the cell.

Answer 11

Nucleus

Question 12

This is where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and combined with proteins to form ribosomes.

Answer 12

Nucleolus

Question 13

AKA plasma membrane, a selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Answer 13

Cell Membrance

Question 14

The jelly-like substance within the cell that contains all the organelles, excluding the nucleus.

Also provides a medium where many of the cell’s metabolic reactions occur.

Answer 14

Cytoplasm

Question 15

Powerhouses of the cell, responsible for producing energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate.

Answer 15

Mitochondria

Question 16

Converts the energy stored in glucose and other nutrients into ATP through a process called cellular respiration.

Answer 16

Mitochondria

Question 17

Programmed cell death, which is crucial for development and maintaining healthy tissues.

Answer 17

Apoptosis

Question 18

A network of membranous tubules and sacs that lacks ribosomes on its surface, distinguishing it from its counterpart.

Answer 18

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Question 19

Helps in the detoxification of drugs and poisons in the liver.

Answer 19

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Question 20

Stores calcium ions, which are vital for muscle contraction and other cellular processes.

Answer 20

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Question 21

An extensive network of membranes studded with ribosomes, giving it a “rough” appearance

Answer 21

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Question 22

The ribosomes on this synthesize proteins, are then processed and modified within it.

Answer 22

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Question 23

Are the organelles in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose

Answer 23

Chloroplast

Question 24

Capture light energy and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose & oxygen.

Also store starch, which is a product of photosynthesis

Answer 24

Chloroplast

Question 25

A rigid layer surrounding cell membrane, providing support & protection

Answer 25

Cell wall

Question 26

Maintains cell shape, prevents excessive water intake, and protects against mechanical stress

Answer 26

Cell wall

Question 27

Contains pores called plasmodesmata, allowing communication between cells

Answer 27

Cell wall

Question 28

membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes.

Responsible for breaking down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign invaders, as well as organelles for recycling.

Answer 28

Lysosomes

Question 29

small, membrane-bound sacs that transport materials within the cell.

Answer 29

Vesicles

Question 30

the process by which unspecialized cells (stem cells) develop into distinct cell types with specific structures and functions

Cell - Tissue - Organs - Systems

Answer 30

Cell Specialization (Differentiation)

Question 31

Specialized for contraction, enabling movement. They contain numerous mitochondria to provide the energy required for contraction.

Answer 31

Muscle Cells (Myocytes)

Question 31

Specialized for transmitting electrical signals throughout the body. They have long extensions called axons and dendrites to communicate with other neurons, muscles, and glands.

Answer 31

Nerve Cells (Neurons)

Question 32

Specialized for transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues back to the lungs.

They are uniquely shaped (biconcave) to maximize surface area for gas exchange and lack a nucleus to accommodate more hemoglobin

Answer 32

Red blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

Question 33

Form protective layers that cover body surfaces and line cavities.
Act as barriers to protect against pathogens and physical damage while also aiding in absorption and secretion.

Answer 33

Epithelial Cells

Question 34

Name of the protective layers that cover body surfaces and line cavities

Answer 34

Epithelia