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Microbiology > M2: Metabolism > Flashcards

M2: Metabolism Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Metabolism

A
  • controlled set of biochemical reactions necessary to maintain life
  • occur in all living organisms
  • metabolism = anabolism + catabolism
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2
Q

Anabolism

A

metabolic process of synthesizing macromolecules the cell needs from smaller units

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3
Q

Catabolism

A

metabolic process of breaking down macromolecules into smaller units that can be used as energy sources

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4
Q

Catabolism of proteins

A

broken down into amino acids

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5
Q

Catabolism of fats

A

broken down into fatty acids/glycerol

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6
Q

Catabolism of polysaccharides

A

broken down into monosaccharides

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7
Q

ATP

A
  • adenosine triphosphate
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8
Q

ADP

A
  • adenosine diphosphate

- one less phosphate group than ATP, basis of ATP production

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9
Q

Photophosphorylation

A

light energy powers formation of ATP from ADP

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10
Q

Substrate-level phosphorylation

A

Phosphoryl (PO3) group of chemical compound is donated directly to ADP to form ATP

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11
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A
  • how chemotrophs produce ATP
  • energy released by chemical oxidation of nutrients (catabolism) is used to form ATP
  • occurs in mitochondria
  • very efficient
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12
Q

enzymes

A
  • proteins/groups of proteins that speed up chem reactions
  • not consumed in reaction –> can be used again
  • regulated by cofactor
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13
Q

cofactor

A

chemical component (usually a metal ion) that activates enzymes

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14
Q

enzymes

A
  • proteins/groups of proteins that speed up chem (metabolic) reactions
  • not consumed in reaction –> can be used again
  • regulated by cofactor
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15
Q

phototrophs

A

get energy (electrons) from photons in light –> use to make ATP from ADP

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16
Q

chemotrophs

A

get energy (electrons) from chemicals in environment –> use to make ATP from ADP

17
Q

heterotrophs

A

get carbon from organic molecules (i.e. sugars)

18
Q

autotrophs

A

get carbon from inorganic molecules (mainly CO2

19
Q

organotrophs

A
  • type of chemotroph

- get electrons from organic molecules (i.e glucose)

20
Q

lithotrophs

A
  • type of chemotroph

- get electrons from inorganic molecules (i.e. elemental sulfur)

21
Q

phosphorylation

A

addition of phosphate group to ADP to form ATP

Microbiology (25 decks)

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