M1: Parts of a Cell Flashcards
1
Q
cell membrane composition
A
- bi layer mainly composed of amphipathic phospholipids
- relatively high degree of fluidity, so lipids can move freely between too layers
- euk. cell membranes contain sterol lipids (eg cholesterol)
2
Q
cell membrane function
A
encloses body of cell, forms semi-permeable barrier
3
Q
cell wall overview
A
- found in bacteria, plants, fungi, algae
- help form shape of cell, provide structure/support/protection
- surround cell membrane to form cell envelope
- rigid, can’t change shape
4
Q
cell wall components
A
- bacterial cell wall: peptidoglycan
- archaea walls: s-layer
- eukaryotic cell walls: can contain polysaccharides, cellulose, chitin, mannoproteins, silica
5
Q
cytoplasm
A
- open volume w/in a cell
- mostly comprised of water w/dissolved substances the cell needs
- contains organelles
6
Q
organelles
A
- membrane enclosed structures that perform specific functions
- ribosomes = organelles in all cells, all other organelles are exclusively in euk. cells
7
Q
nucleus
A
- defining organelle of all euk. cells
- enclosed by porous double lipid bilayer
- contains all of cell’s DNA
- command center of cell
- contains nucleolus
8
Q
ribosomes
A
- site of protein synthesis
- found in cytoplasm of prok. cells
- attached to ER in euk. cells
9
Q
endoplasmic reticulum
A
- membrane enclosed sacs & tubes (called lumen) that’s continuous w/nuclear membrane
- smooth & rough sections (rough contains ribosomes)
10
Q
nucleolus
A
- site of ribosome production
- located within nucleus
11
Q
golgi complex
A
- interconnected series of flat sacs called vesicles
- located between nucleus & cytoplasmic membrane
- distribution center of cell, where proteins modified/packaged pre distribution
12
Q
lysosomes
A
- membrane-enclosed organelles that are cell’s waste disposal system
- contain hydrolytic enzymes
13
Q
hydrolitic enzymes
A
- in lysosomes
- degrade unwanted debris within cell
14
Q
mitochondria
A
- double-membrane enclosed organelles
- powerhouse of the cell (generate ATP)
- contain cristae
- absent in red blood cells
- more than 2000 in liver cells
15
Q
cristae
A
- tightly packed, folded internal membranes of mitochondria
- increase surface area for chemical reactions to occur
