M2: Glucose Metabolism Flashcards
1
Q
glycolysis overview
A
- catabolism of glucose
- important metabolic pathway for ATP production
2
Q
glucose molecule
A
C6H12O6
3
Q
single glucose molecule produces ?
A
up to 38 ATP via aerobic catabolism
4
Q
glycolysis
A
- step 1 of ATP production
- start with one molecule of glucose, 2 electron carrier molecules of NAD, and 2 molecules ATP
- produces 2 ATP
5
Q
NAD+
A
- aka nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- electron carrier & coenzyme for glycolysis
- if run out of NAD+, glycolysis will stop and cell will die
6
Q
formula for glycolysis
A
C6H1206 + 2NAD+ + [2ADP + 2Pi] –>
2Pyruvate + 2NADH + 2ATP + 2H+
7
Q
step 2 of ATP production
A
- replenish NAD+ supply by converting NADH
- 2 methods of converting NADH back into NAD+ : fermentation & respiration
8
Q
fermentation
A
- anaerobic process
- NADH converted –> NAD+
- pyruvate converted –> waste byproduct (usually lactic acid or ethanol) & excreted from cell
9
Q
respiration
A
- aerobic process, more efficient than fermentation
- unlocks energy from pyruvate via TCA cycle
- produces 2 ATP (one for each pyruvate)
10
Q
TCA cycle
A
- Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle aka Krebs Cycle
- Step 1 of cellular respiration
- requires coenzyme FAD
- produces 2 ATP
- produces many reduced electron carriers: NADH + FADH2
11
Q
FAD
A
- aka Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
- coenzyme needed for TCA Cycle
12
Q
Electron transport chain
A
- Step 2 of cellular respiration
- can be aerobic or anaerobic but aerobic = more efficient
- produces up to 34 molecules ATP!
13
Q
Steps of electron transport chain (5)
A
- electrons transferred from NADH/FADH2 to terminal electron acceptors (O2 in aerobic resp) –> energy released
- electrons passed down chain of electron receptors
- protons (H+) pumped out of mitochondria membrane, creating differential charge across the membrane
- proton motive force forms
- proton motive force drives H+ thru ATP synthase complex in membrane, which creates up to 34 molecules ATP
