M2: Lumbar Objective 1 Flashcards
Components of the standard objective exam (13)
- observations
- posture
- gait
- balance
- functional tests
- AROM
- PROM (physiological, accessory, segmental)
- neuro screen
- muscle length tests
- muscle performance (MMT, endurance)
- screen regions above/below
- special tests
- palpation
What are the types of postural deviations?
- protective
- non-protective
- structural
- behavioral
What is a protective postural deviation?
Attempt to either consciously or unconsciously lessen sx (i.e. lateral shift)
What are the two types of non-protective postural deviations?
- non-protective structural
- non-protective behavioral
When is scoliosis considered a non-protective, structural deformity?
- not correctable with movement
- attempts to correct it do not alter sx
What may cause a non-protective behavioral deformity?
- emotional state
- personality
- poor body awareness
Non-protective behavioral deformity - significance of correction
- correctable actively and passively by the clinician without change in sx
- may still be relevant to the problem
- think slumped posture
Theory of muscle imbalance: which muscles does it occur between?
- tonic
- phasic
Tonic muscles are prone to:
- tightness
- shortness
Phasic muscles are prone to
- weakness
- inhibition
Where do muscle imbalances often occur?
- lumbopelvic hip region
- neck-shoulder region
Upper crossed syndrome: Which muscles are stiff?
- upper traps
- levator
- pec major
- SCM
Upper crossed syndrome: Which muscles are weakened?
- deep neck flexors
- lower traps
- serratus anterior (scap stabilizers!)
What are typical deviations of upper crossed syndrome?
- FHP
- increased thoracic kyphosis
- anterior translation of C-spine
- protracted/elevated scapulae
Upper crossed syndrome may affect (movement)
All movements of c-spine and upper extremity
