M&C of Sports Trauma Flashcards
What are three mechanical factors that cause injury
Compression
Tension
Shear
Define a compression injury and give examples
Force that crushes tissue
Ex: fractures and contusions
Define tension and give example
Force that pull or stretches tissue
Ex: sprains and strains
Define shear and give example
Movement across the parrell organization of the tissue
Ex: blisters and abrasion
Define friction blisters
Continuous rubbing over the skin causes a collection of fluid
Define Abrasions
Skin is scrapped against a rough surface
Define skin bruises
Skin is crushed or compressed, bleeding under the skin
Define laceration
Flesh that is irregularly torn
Define skin avulsion
Similar to a laceration but skin is completely ripped off
Define incision
Wound where skin has been sharply cut
Define puncture wound
Skin penetrated by a sharp object
What is tentanus
It is a bacteria infection caused by bacteria usually found in soil
A bacterial skin infection is
Cellulitis
Define trauma
A physical injury or wound sustained in sport produced by an internal or external force
What are some skeletal muscles injuries
They amount for high % of injury and can be to the muscle belly, tendon, tendon sheath
Define contusion
Due to a sudden traumatic blow
Define strains
Stretch, tear or rip in the muscle, causes may be abnormal contraction
What are some causes for strains
Mineral imbalance, fatigue, strength imbalance
Ligaments get ….
Muscles get ….
Sprain
Strains
Define the different grades of strains
grade 1 - local pain, minor loss of strength
Grade 2- moderate signs or symptoms, impaired muscle functions
Grade 3- severe signs or symptoms, loss of muscle function and palpable defect
Name some of the common muscle strains
Hamstring Gastroc Quads Hip flexor Hip adductors Back Deltoid Rotator cuff
Tendons attach?
Muscle to bone
Define muscle cramps and what are the two types of cramps
A painful involuntary muscle contraction
Clonic-alternating contraction/relaxing
Tonic- a rigid muscle contraction that last over a period of time
What is acute onset muscle soreness
Related to impedance of circulation causing ischemia, lactic acid and potassium to collect in the muscle
What is delayed onset muscle soreness
Caused by eccentric exercise, usually happens a couple days after workin out
What are chronic muscle injures
Usually are slow progressing injures
What are the types of muscle injury conditions
Myositis/facititis-inflammation or muscle/ fascia
Tendonitis- mircotrauma or degenerative changes in tendon
Tenosynovitis-inflammation of synovial sheath surrounding a tendon
What are ligaments
Bundles of collagen fires that connect 2 bones
Are strongest at the middle and weak at the end
What are the most common sprains
Ankle knee and shoulder
How should you treat a first time dislocation
As a fracture
What is MRSA
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
What is C.diff
Clostridium difficile
What is the contractile soft tissue trauma
Muscle and it’s tendon or bony insertions
