Body Composition Assessment Flashcards
How many levels of body composition are there
5
What is body composition used for
To identify what % of body is lean tissue and what % is fat tissue
What are they things that play a roll in body composition
Gender, age, genetics and activity level
What is percent body fat
Portion of total body weight that is composed of fat tissue
What is lean tissue
Nonfat or lean tissue made up of muscles, tendons, bones, and connective tissue
What is the body fat % of a healthy adult male and athletes
Healthy adult male: 15-18%
Athletes: 8-12%
Should not be below 3%
What is the body fat % for a healthy women and athlete
Healthy women: 22-29%
Athlete: 10-18%
Should not be below 8%
Why do we asses body composition
Set weights guidelines for sports with weighty classes
Monitor athletes on diet programs
What is endomorph
Apple shaped or pear shaped
Women are usually more pear shaped
What is mesomorph and ectomorph
Mesomorph- normal body type
Ectomorph- skinny body type
Define obesity
Extreme amount of excessive fat
What is consider obese for females and males
Females- over 30% body fat
Male- over 20% body fat
How is obesity measured ?
BMI and body composition
What is obesity determined by
Number of adipose cells
Size of adipose cells
What is BMI used to asses
Normalcy for body weight and determine health problems
What is consider normal BMI
Anything less than 25
What is considered overweight BMI
BMI from 25-30
What is consider obese BMI
Anything more than 30
What are the different ways to asses body comp
Hydrostatic weighing Bio electrical impedance Skinfold measurements Girth measurements BOD POD DEXA
What is hydrostatic weighing
The gold standard (original method)
Underwater measuring
Muscle and bone weigh more then fat
Accuracy +- 3
Why don’t we use hydrostatic weighing anymore
Too messy
Too dirty
What is bioelectrical impedance
A weak electrical current is run through the body and impedance to the current is measured
For bioelectrical, what does it mean if the currents runs through the body at a great rate
The body has more muscle present then fat
What is the accuracy of bioelectrical impedance affected by
Caffeine, alcohol, and fluid intake
What does skinfold measurements consist of
Inexpensive
Lange caliper or fat-o-meter
Measurements taken at different body sites and put into a forumla (body fat%)
What is the error rate for skinfold measurement
3-5% of gold standard
What are the measurement sites for skinfolds
Triceps (largest % change with exercise) Subscapular (smallest % change with exercise) Suprailiac Abdomen Ant thigh Midaxillary Chest Calf
How many measurements should be taken at each site?
3
Where should the measurements be taken
On the subjects right side
How far should the caliper be from the grasp while measuring
1-2 cm
What measurement should you record the thickness to?
Nearest 5 mm
What is girth measurement used for
To predict body fat %
To rank individuals in a group based on relative “fatness”
Also to analyze body fat patterns
What are some common sites for girth measurements
Biceps, forearm, abdomen, hips, thigh, calf
What does IBV stand for
Initial body volume
What does a bod pod consist of
Subject is weighed on an electrical scale to nearest 5kg
Rear chamber contains electronics, pressure transducers, breathing circuits, air circulation system
What’s the equation for IBV
Empty chamber volume-chamber volume with person inside
What are the two things the person needs to do before getting into a bod pod
Be dry
Wear tights
What is the definition of body composition
Chemical, structural, and anatomical components of the human body
What does body density for BOD POD equal
Body mass (in air) / body volume
What does the Siri equation equal?
Body density to body fat %
What does DEXA stand for
Dual energy XRay absorptiometry
What does DEXA consist of
Uses low dose x-rays to distinguish between lean tissue, fat tissue, and bone
Very accurate
Requires expensive equipment
Also used to examine bone-mineral density
-osteoporsis
What’s somatype
What you physically look like
What’s anthropometric
Shape if the human body
What’s the implications of BMI
Osteoarthritis
Diabetes
cardiovascular disease
Cancer
What’s the limitations of BMI
Doesn’t account bone density
Doesn’t account for activity
Doesn’t account for Fat
