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Histology Test 3 > Lymphoid System #1 > Flashcards

Lymphoid System #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do lymphoid stem cells come from?

A

Bone marrow

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2
Q

If I were a T cell that wanted to find a good place in the body to go and mature, where would I go?

A

The Thymus

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3
Q

Where do B Cells come from (in cellular origin)

A

Bone Marrow Lymphoid Progenitor Cell

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4
Q

Interaction of B Cells with T Helper Cells and Macrophages results in…

A

Clonal Expansion and Plasma Cell/Memory B cell production

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5
Q

Do B Cells require an MHC complex to conduct their immune-related tasks?

A

Nope. Recognize free antigen peptides not bound to MHC

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6
Q

DO T cells require an MHC complex to conduct their immune related tasks?

A

Yep.

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7
Q

What are the two kinds of T cells addressed in this course?

A

T helper (CD4) and Cytotoxic T (CD8) cells

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8
Q

T Helper cells interact primarily with what cell(s)?

A

B cell/macrophage

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9
Q

What MHC complex do CD4 T cells interact with?

A

MHC II

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10
Q

TH 1 and TH2 cells differ in that…

A

TH1 – Viral and Bacterial Infection

TH2 – Parasitic Infection

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11
Q

CD8 T Cells bind to which MHC?

A

MHC I

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12
Q

What do natural killer cells do (aside from have the most bad ass name in the immune system)

A
  1. Recognize and Kill Virally infected and Cancer Cells

2. Help out B cells by killing cells covered in antibodies (antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity)

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13
Q

What do antigen presenting cells do?

A

Break down antigens internally, grab a piece of the leftover peptide fragments, and show off their trophy on the MHC complex on the outside of the cell.

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14
Q

True or False – All nucleated cells have type II MHC

A

False. All nucleated cells have type I. MHC II is on antigen presenting, endothelial, and thymic reticular cells.

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15
Q

Name off a few antigen presenting cells.

A

Macrophages, specialized macrophages (Kupffer, Langerhans), dendritic cells, some glial cells, fibroblasts, and mast cells

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16
Q

I don’t know how to ask this question well…..but…..where can lymphoid cells be found.

A

Basically everywhere. Lymphatics, Blood, Loose connective tissue, subepithelium of the intestinal and respiratory tract, the genitourinary system

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17
Q

Are lymph nodules solitary or aggregated?

A

Yes. There are examples of both (most we would talk about are solitary, but peyers patches are a good example of an aggregated).

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18
Q

Structurally, what is a lymph node?

A

Dense lymphatic tissue surrounded by dense irregular connective tissue.

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19
Q

When the capsule extends into the node, it forms __________ that converge at the _____.

A

Trabeculae. Hilus.

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20
Q

What does a Hilus do anyway?

A

a hilus is the region where lymph exits the node and arteries and veins come in and out.

21
Q

Capsule + Trabeculae + reticular fibers = ?

A

Stroma

22
Q

What is a lymph node sinus?

A

A region separated from the capsule/trabeculae by squamous cells, reticular cells, and macrophages attached to the reticular fiber network.

23
Q

Who are the antigen presenting cells hanging out in the cortex?

A

Follicular dendritic cells

24
Q

Describe a primary lymphoid nodule.

A

Unstimulated, no germinal center

25
Q

Describe a secondary lymphoid nodule.

A

Contains a germinal center (region will larger lymphoblasts and a marginal zone of smaller lymphocytes and some macrophages around the periphery).

26
Q

Where do germinal cells come from?

A

B cell activation by helper T cells, causing a clonal expansion (the fast track to plasma cells)

27
Q

Tell me about B Cell Selection

A

Occurs in B cell maturation. The B cells contact FDCs which present antigen to cells. If the antibodies can’t hold on so well, THE B CELLS DIE (via apoptosis and eventual phagocytosis by macrophages).

28
Q

Which B cells get to complete maturation?

A

Cells with high affinity antibodies get to move to medullary cord and become plasma cells.

29
Q

What if the B cell is non-specific for the antigens presented by FDC?

A

These cells accumulate in the mantle zone of the lymphoid follicle.

30
Q

In a lymph node, where are the B cells and where are the T cells?

A

B cells – Nodules and Medullary Cords

T cells – Paranodular and Inner Cortex Regions

31
Q

Where do lymphatic vessels empty into a node?

A

Subcapsular sinus located between the capsule and the outer cortex.

32
Q

After subscapular sinus, where does the lymph go?

A

Intermediate (trabecular) sinuses –> Medullary Sinuses (next to medullary cords)

33
Q

How do lymphocytes get into nodes in the first place?

A

High endothelial venules have selectins that help lymphocytes in (double check this)

34
Q

Name three kinds of tonsils.

A

Lingual, Pharyngeal, Palatine

35
Q

Where are lingual tonsils? Describe the nodes.

A

Small nodules below the epithelium of the posterior third of the tongue.

36
Q

Where are pharyngeal tonsils? Describe the epithelium.

A

In the posterior wall of the nasopharynx. Covered with ciliated pseudostratified columnar with a dash of squamous (esp in old people)

37
Q

Where are palatine tonsils? Describe the tissue.

A

in between the glossopalatine and pharyngopalatine arches. Covered in a dense connective tissue capsule. Covered with strat. squamous epithelium with crypts.

38
Q

What are Peyer’s Patches? What cells are nodular? Paranodular?

A

Aggregated nodules in the lower illeum. B cells are nodular. T cells are paranodular.

39
Q

Where do M cells come into play here?

A

They’re in the follicular epithelium and are important for antigen presentation.

40
Q

T or F. The appendix lamina propria is full of lymphoid tissue.

A

True

41
Q

What is lymphadentitis?

A

Excessive immune response leading the inflammation and swelling of a node.

42
Q

Why do oncologists care about the lymphatic system?

A

It is a common site for metastasis.

43
Q

Check out the pictures on page 7 of the packet.

A

NOW!!!

44
Q

What type of cell is primarily responsible for graft related disorders?

A

T Cells

45
Q

Why do grafts get rejected?

A

The patient’s immune system recognizes the tissue as foreign and attacks it.

46
Q

How does graft vs. host happen?

A

Bone marrow transplant = New Immune system. New immune system doesn’t recognize new owner as self, so decides to immunologically reject them.

47
Q

What is the primary change that occurs in lymphoid cells over the course of maturation (in a broad sense)

A

Changes in the antigens, receptors, or integrins on the cell surface.

48
Q

Take a peek at the pictures in the last couple pages, but basically acknowledge that its complicated, have an idea of where some steps happen, know CD4 and CD8 cells.

A

Hey, you finished this set of flashcards. You’re freakin awesome!

Histology Test 3 (9 decks)

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