Lymphocytes Flashcards
Lymphocytes can be broken down into 3 families _________, __________ and __________.
Lymphocytes can be broken down into 3 families NK cells, T cells and B cells.
NK cells are apart of the __________ response.
NK cells are apart of the innate immune response.
T cells are part of the ________ response.
T cells are part of the cellular immune response.
Function of the helper T cells is to _____________.
Function of the helper T cells is to regulate immune response.
Subpopulations of helper T cells include _______, ______ and __________.
Subpopulations of helper T cells include Th1, Th2 and Th17.
Cytotoxic T cells destroy cells expressing __________ antigens.
Cytotoxic T cells destroy cells expressing endogenous antigens.
Function of the T regulatory cells is to ________________.
Function of the T regulatory cells is to control everything.
B cells are a part of the __________ response and produce _________.
B cells are a part of the humoral immune response and produce antibodies.
Subpopulations of B cells include _________ and ___________.
Subpopulations of B cells include Memory B Cells and Plasma Cells.
CD4 activates __________ and are receptors for MHC class _______ molecules.
CD4 activates helper T cells and are receptors for MHC class II molecules.
CD8 activates __________ and is the receptor for MCH class _________ molecules.
CD8 activates cytotoxic T cells and is the receptor for MCH class I molecules.
The major molecules expressed on the surface of T lymphocytes are ________, ___________, _________ and __________.
The major molecules expressed on the surface of T lymphocytes are T cell antigen receptors (TCR), surface antigens, T cell receptors and mitogens.
Important T cell antigen receptors include ________ and ___________.
Important T cell antigen receptors include TCR alpha/beta and TCR gamma/delta.
Important surface antigens of T cells include ___________________.
Important surface antigens of T cells include CD2, CD3, CD4 and CD8.
Important T cell receptors include _________, __________ and _________.
Important T cell receptors include regulatory receptors, antigen-receptor complex and transport receptor.
Regulatory receptor, H3 is a receptor for _______________.
Regulatory receptor, H3 is a receptor for histamine.
Regulatory receptor, CD25 is a receptor for _______________.
Regulatory receptor, CD25 is a receptor for IL-2.
Regulatory receptor, CD2 is a receptor for _______________.
Regulatory receptor, CD2 is a receptor for CD58.
Regulatory receptor, CD35 (C3b, C4b) is a receptor for _______________.
Regulatory receptor, CD35 (C3b, C4b) is a receptor for complement.
Regulatory receptor, FcR is a receptor for _______________.
Regulatory receptor, FcR is a receptor for immunoglobulins.
Antigen receptor complex, CD3 plays a crucial role in ____________.
Antigen receptor complex, CD3 plays a crucial role in TCR complex.
Antigen receptor complex, CD4/CD8 is a receptor for ____________.
Antigen receptor complex, CD4/CD8 is a receptor for MHC molecules.
CD71 is a receptor for __________.
CD71 is a receptor for transferring.
Mitogens for T cells are _________, ___________, ___________ and _________.
Mitogens for T cells are phytohemagglutinin, concanacalin A, BCG vaccine and pokeweed.
Major molecules expressed on the surface of B lymphocytes are _____________, ___________, ___________ and ___________.
Major molecules expressed on the surface of B lymphocytes are Bcell antigen receptors, surface antigens, B cell receptors and mitogens.
B cell antigen receptor binding chains are:
B cell antigen receptor binding chains are: BCR alpha, gamma, mew, epsilon, and delta
___________ are important surface antigens of B cells.
Immunoglobulins are important surface antigens of B cells.
_________, _________, _________ and ______________ are important B cell receptors.
Immunoglobulin receptors, antigen receptors, complement receptors and cytokine receptors are important B cell receptors.
Immunoglobulin receptor, FcuR is a receptor for _________.
Immunoglobulin receptor, FcuR is a receptor for IgM.
Immunoglobulin receptor, CD32 is a receptor for _________.
Immunoglobulin receptor, CD32 is a receptor for IgG.
CD21 (iC3b) is a _________ receptor for B cells.
CD21 (iC3b) is a complement receptor for B cells.
CD35 (C3b, C4b) is a _________ receptor for B cells.
CD35 (C3b, C4b) is a complement receptor for B cells.
CD25/CD122 is a cytokine receptor used for _________.
CD25/CD122 is a cytokine receptor used for IL-2.
CD124 is a cytokine receptor used for _________.
CD124 is a cytokine receptor used for IL-4.
CD125 is a cytokine receptor used for _________.
CD125 is a cytokine receptor used for IL-5.
_______ and _______ are B cell mitogens.
Pokeweed and lipopolysaccharide are B cell mitogens.
Four componentss of the TCR
- Cytoplasmic Domain
- Transmembrane Domain
- Constant Domain
- Variable Domain
Cytoplasmic domain
Portion of the receptor that extends into the cytoplasmic sapce of the T cell
Transmembrane Domain
Portion of the receptor that is rooted into the membrane
Constant Domain
portion of the receptor that remains constant (sequence of amino acids is constant)
_____________is key in recognizing specific antigens.
**Constant Domain **is key in recognizing specific antigens.
Constant domain is a bridge that holds the __________ and __________ together.
Constant domain is a bridge that holds the alpha and beta chains together.
Variable Domain
Changes depending on the maturation of the T cell
Predominant receptor for immune responses is _______________.
Predominant receptor for immune responses is TCR alpha/beta.
The alpha chain of TCR alpha/beta is resposible for _______________.
The alpha chain of TCR alpha/beta is resposible for recognition of antigen and MHC.
____________ plays a minor role in immune response, its function is not completely understood.
TCR gamma/delta plays a minor role in immune response, its function is not completely understood.
Gamma chain of the TCR gamma/delta is responsible for ____________.
Gamma chain of the TCR gamma/delta is responsible for recognition of the antigen.
TCR _______ participates in both innate and adaptive immune response.
TCR gamma/delta participates in both innate and adaptive immune response.
TCR gamma/delta is found in the _____________ of the innate immune response.
TCR gamma/delta are found in the skin and uterus of the innate immune response.
TCR gamma/delta of the adaptive immune response is found in ______________.
TCR gamma/delta of the adaptive immune response is found in GI tract and secondary lymphoid organs.
TCR gamm/delta of the innate immunity produce ________ and ________.
TCR gamm/delta of the innate immunity produce IFN-gamma and IL-17.
Th1 subset ________.
Th1 subset IFN-gamma.
Th2 subset _________.
Th2 subset IL-4.
Function of the CD3 complex is to ______________.
Function of the CD3 complex is to help activate the T cell.
T cell receptors are essential for ______________.
T cell receptors are essential for recognition of antigens.
__________ recognizes its respective MHC molecule.→ _____________ attaches and fits to antigen. → ___________ is triggered to send signals to the rest of the cell. → Cascade of immune response begins.
CD4/CD8 recognizes its respective MHC molecule.→ T cell receptor attaches and fits to antigen. → CD3 is triggered to send signals to the rest of the cell. → Cascade of immune response begins.
TCR and CD4/CD8 have recognized an MHC and antigen, CD3 complex is triggered and what bonds are created?
- CD4 on APC binds to CD154
- CD80 (APC) or CD86 (B cell) bind to CD28 on T Cell
- CD80/86 binds to CD152 on T cell
Binding of CD40 on the APC to CD154 triggers the APC to release __________.
Binding of CD40 on the APC to CD154 triggers the APC to release IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-alpha, CCL3.
CD80 on the APC or CD86 on the B cell bind to CD28 on the T cell to ____________.
CD80 on the APC or CD86 on the B cell bind to CD28 on the T cell to activate the T cell.
T cells activated by the CD80/CD86 bound to CD28 stimulate the production of _________.
T cells activated by the CD80/CD86 bound to CD28 stimulate the production of IL-2.
IL-2 upregulates ___________, increases ________ and promotes ______ division.
IL-2 upregulates cell survival genes, increases energy metabolism and promotes T cell division division.
CD80/CD86 also binds to CD152 on the T cell causing _____________.
CD80/CD86 also binds to CD152 on the T cell causing inactivation of T cell.
T cell suppression mechanism:
Production of _____________ → destroy _________ → absence makes T cell __________ to antigen → T cell response is terminated
T cell suppression mechanism:
Production of indoleamine dioxygenase → destroy Tryptophan → absence makes T cell unresponsive to antigen → T cell response is terminated
__________ plays a significant role in amplifying the signal that is produced after an antigen is recognized.
Co-stimulation plays a significant role in amplifying the signal that is produced after an antigen is recognized.
Immunoglobulin superfamily includes _____, _________ and ________.
Immunoglobulin superfamily includes TCR, **MHC molecules **and BCR.
All the receptors are in the superfamily of immunoglobulin because they all have ______________.
All the receptors are in the superfamily of immunoglobulin because they all have similar structures.
CD4+ T cells are found on _________.
CD4+ T cells are found on helper T cells.
Elevated levels of _______ suggest increased lymphocyte reactivity.
Elevated levels of CD4+ suggest increased lymphocyte reactivity.
CD8+ T cells are found on ___________.
CD8+ T cells are found on cytotoxic T cells.
Elevated levels of _____suggest depressed lymphocyte reactivity.
Elevated levels of **CD8+ **suggest depressed lymphocyte reactivity.
CD4 or CD8 are not expressed on _______ or ________.
CD4 or CD8 are not expressed on B cells or NK cells.
