Fetal/Neonatal Immunity

Question 1

The immune system is ________ formed at birth.

Answer 1

The immune system is fully formed at birth.

Question 2

Newborn mammals are temporarily protected against infection by

Answer 2

Newborn mammals are temporarily protected against infection by transfer of immunoglobulins from mother

Question 3

Immunoglobulins are dervived from mother by ________________ or by ___________.

Answer 3

Immunoglobulins are dervived from mother by direct transfer across the placenta or by ingestion of colostrum.

Question 4

___________ provides a constant supply of immunoglobulins

Answer 4

Milk provides a constant supply of immunoglobulins

Question 5

Vaccine protocols in newborn mammals must take into account

Answer 5

Vaccine protocols in newborn mammals must take into account the inability to generate antibody response

Question 6

Development of the immune system is driven by gradual increase in use of ________ or ___________ to increase antibody diversity.

Answer 6

Development of the immune system is driven by gradual increase in use of gene conversion or somatic mutation to increase antibody diversity.

Question 7

At birth adaptive and innate immunity exist however ______________ is critical for survival the first weeks of life.

Answer 7

At birth adaptive and innate immunity exist however innate immunity is critical for survival the first weeks of life.

Question 8

Development of the newborn immune system is greatly driven by ____________.

Answer 8

Development of the newborn immune system is greatly driven by intestinal microflora.

Question 9

______________ is the idea that development of allergies is influenced by microbial exposure early in life.

Answer 9

Hygiene Hypothesis is the idea that development of allergies is influenced by microbial exposure early in life.

Question 10

Newborns mount adaptive immune responses that are in favor of _________ cells.

Answer 10

Newborns mount adaptive immune responses that are in favor of Th2 cells.

Question 11

Colostrum is rich in _______ and ________.

Answer 11

Colostrum is rich in IgG and IgA.

Question 12

Primate milk _______ predominates.

Answer 12

Primate milk IgA predominates.

Question 13

Milk from pigs and horses ________ predominates.

Answer 13

Milk from pigs and horses IgA predominates.

Question 14

Ruminant milk ________ predominates.

Answer 14

Ruminant milk IgG predominates.

Question 15

Permeability of the intestine is ___________ immediately after birth.

Answer 15

Permeability of the intestine is highest immediately after birth.

Question 16

Passive transfer can fail when

Answer 16

Premature birth > dam has not formed colostrum

Premature lactation

Failure of the neonate to suckle

Neonate unable to absorb colostrum

Question 17

Local immunity

Answer 17

Intestinal lymphoid tissues of neonatal mammal respond rapidly to ingested antigens

Question 18

Systemic Immunity

Answer 18

Antibodies acquired by young animal

Question 19

In the chicken _______ is secreted into the yolk

Answer 19

In the chicken IgY is secreted into the yolk

Question 20

In the chicken ______ and ______ are secreted into albumin

Answer 20

In the chicken IgM and IgA are secreted into albumin

Question 21

A chick obtains maternal antibodies by

Answer 21

A chick obtains maternal antibodies by ** absorbing the yolk as it develops within the egg**

Question 22

When chick is born, _______ if found in the bloodstream.

Answer 22

When chick is born, IgY if found in the bloodstream.

Question 23

When the chick is born _______ and _______ are found in the intestine.

Answer 23

When the chick is born IgM and IgA are found in the intestine.

Question 24

Vaccine protocols for newborn mammals because

Answer 24

Vaccine protocols for newborn mammals because maternal antibodies inhibit neonatal immunoglobulin synthesis