Immunodeficiency Flashcards
As a result of genetic mutations, defects develop in the developing immune system resulting in ________ in new-born animals.
As a result of genetic mutations, defects develop in the developing immune system resulting in immunodeficiency in new-born animals.
Defects in __________ include deficiencies in phagocytosis, leukocyte adherence and intracellular killing, leading to increased susceptibiliy to bacterial disease.
Defects in innate immunity include deficiencies in phagocytosis, leukocyte adherence and intracellular killing, leading to increased susceptibiliy to bacterial disease.
Defects in _________ function generally predisposes an animal to overwhelming virus infections.
Defects in T cell function generally predisposes an animal to overwhelming virus infections.
Defects in _________ function and __________ production predispose an animals to overwhelming bacterial disease.
Defects in B cell function and immunoglobulin production predispose an animals to overwhelming bacterial disease.
____________ immunodeficiency are most severe since affected animals lack resistance to all infectious agents.
Combined immunodeficiency are most severe since affected animals lack resistance to all infectious agents.
Immunodeficiency
Impairment of part or parts of the immune system that renders the patient more susceptible to infectious disease
_______________ immunodificiency is charcterized by being based on mutations in a gene, inherited/congenital, occuring early in life, results in high mortality and may have mild or chronic clinical presentation.
Primary immunodificiency is charcterized by being based on mutations in a gene, inherited/congenital, occuring early in life, results in high mortality and may have mild or chronic clinical presentation.
___________ immunodeficiency is characterized by occuring more often in adult animals that previously had normal immune function.
Secondary immunodeficiency is characterized by occuring more often in adult animals that previously had normal immune function.
Age, infection, medical therapy and chronic disase are contributing factors for ______________.
Age, infection, medical therapy and chronic disase are contributing factors for secondary immunodeficiency.
Factors that contribute to primary immunodeficiency
Disease affecting a particular breed
Disease occuring in young littermate animals
Chronic recurrent infection
Infection in multiple body sites
Failure of infection to respond to standard antibiotic therapy
Infection with environmental saporphytes
Persistant lymphopenia
Failure to respond to vaccinations
Failure of ____________ results in failure of cells to differentiate and thus a decrease in production of cell types.
Failure of pluripotent stem cells results in failure of cells to differentiate and thus a decrease in production of cell types.
Failure of ______________ results in decreased or lack of production of lymphocytes.
Failure of committed stem cells results in decreased or lack of production of lymphocytes.
Failure of ____________ results in decreased immune response to foreign bodies and no production of CD4, CD8 or Tc cells.
Failure of T cell development results in decreased immune response to foreign bodies and no production of CD4, CD8 or Tc cells.
Failure of ______________ results in decreased immune respose from the host body and failure to produce selected antibodies.
Failure of B cell development results in decreased immune respose from the host body and failure to produce selected antibodies.
Failure in production of functional ____________ results in decreased immune response from the body due to decreased innate immunity
Failure in production of functional phagocytic cells results in decreased immune response from the body due to decreased innate immunity
Failure of production of ____________ results in decreases in host body to detect foreign bodies and destruction of the foreign body.
Failure of production of complement molecules results in decreases in host body to detect foreign bodies and destruction of the foreign body.
__________ is the most severe form of primary immunodeficiency.
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is the most severe form of primary immunodeficiency.
________________ is characterized by disturbed development of functional T and B cells cause by numerous genetic mutations that result in heterogeneous clinical presentations. Leads to the production of defective antibodies due to improper B cell activation.
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is characterized by disturbed development of functional T and B cells cause by numerous genetic mutations that result in heterogeneous clinical presentations. Leads to the production of defective antibodies due to improper B cell activation.
Breeds susceptible to SCID
Basset hound
Welsh Corgi
Jack Russel Terrier
Treatment for SCID
Bone marrow transplantation
Transplantation of heterologous stem cells
Gene Therapy
_____________ is a condition where there is deletion of genes on chromosome 22.
Thymic aplasia is a condition where there is deletion of genes on chromosome 22.
_____________ results in a lack of T cell production that is directly linked to the development of hair coat
Thymic aplasia results in a lack of T cell production that is directly linked to the development of hair coat
Breeds susceptible to Thymic A
Mexican hairless dog
Chinese crested dog
Birman kittens
___________ causes lymphocyte dysfunction, severe cutaneous parakeratosis and reduced T cell mitogen response
Zinc associated disorders causes lymphocyte dysfunction, severe cutaneous parakeratosis and reduced T cell mitogen response
__________ is characterized by defective neutrophil function and abnormal fusion of lysosomal membranes.
Chediak Higashi Syndrom is characterized by defective neutrophil function and abnormal fusion of lysosomal membranes.
_____________ characterized by cyclic neutropenia and associated epiodes of infection.
Cyclic haematopoiesis characterized by cyclic neutropenia and associated epiodes of infection.
_______________ is characterized by mutation on integrin gene, neutrophils unable to migrate into tissues and increases susceptibility to infection.
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency is characterized by mutation on integrin gene, neutrophils unable to migrate into tissues and increases susceptibility to infection.
Clinical signs of __________ include inappetance, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, pain on walking, pyrexia, conjunctivitis and joint pains. Eye, skin and respiratory infections.
Clinical signs of neutrophil disorders include inappetance, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, pain on walking, pyrexia, conjunctivitis and joint pains. Eye, skin and respiratory infections.
_____________ is characterized by relative IgA deficiency, mild to chronic recurrent mucosal infection, autoimmunity, and low levels of IgG
Selective immunoglobulin deficiency is characterized by relative IgA deficiency, mild to chronic recurrent mucosal infection, autoimmunity, and low levels of IgG
__________ immunodeficiencies are more common.
Secondary immunodeficiencies are more common.
_______________ - decreased CD4 T cell production, increase in CD8 T cell production, creates susceptibility to infection , autoimmune disease and neoplasia.
Immunosenescence - decreased CD4 T cell production, increase in CD8 T cell production, creates susceptibility to infection , autoimmune disease and neoplasia.
______________- chemotherapy and immunosuppressive therapy
**Medical Immunosuppression **- chemotherapy and immunosuppressive therapy
________ in cats infects lymphocytes and APCs
FIV in cats infects lymphocytes and APCs
Stress, chronic disease, high intesity exercise and malnutrition are factors contributing to _______________.
Stress, chronic disease, high intesity exercise and malnutrition are factors contributing to secondary immunodeficiencies.
