Lymphedema - Intro Flashcards
Lymphedema
abnormal accumulation of protein rich fluid in the interstitium
causes chronic inflammation and reactive fibrosis of the affected tissues
what is full body lymphedema caused by
damage to lymphatic duct
lymph fluid consists of
proteins
water
cells
waste products and other foreign substances
fat
cells –> lymph fluid
RBC
WBC
lymphocytes
w/ waste products and other foreign substances –> lymph fluid
risk of cellulitis and open wound infection
fat –> lymph fluid
intestinal lymph
chyle
lymph nodes are a
filtering station for noxious matter
noxious matter
bacteria
toxins
lymph nodes will produce
lymphocytes (WBCs)
lymph nodes will regulate
the concentration of protein in the lymph
how many nodes are in the human body
600-700
where are a majority of lymph nodes found
in the abdomen (intestines)
what are watersheds
divide the lymphatic regions into root areas
how do watersheds run
distal to proximal
where are watersheds
vertical watershed
horizontal watershed
clavicle
spine of scapula
chaps (gluteal)
vertical watershed
median-sagittal
horizontal watershed
transverse
lymph node groups
head and neck region
upper body
lower body
head and neck region
most of these pts have lymphedema secondary to cancer
where in the head and neck region are the lymph nodes
submental
submandibular
preauricular
retroarticular
occipital
cervical
submental
2-3 nodes below the chin
drains the lower lip, gums, tip of tongue and chin
submandibular
5-8 nodes on the underside of the mandible in the area of the submandibular glands
what do the submandibular nodes drain
lips
external cheeks
medial eye lids
teeth
gums
tongue
floor of mouth
cheek mucosa
preauricular
2-4 nodes in the front of the ear at the parotid gland
preauricular node drains
front of the auricle
nasal root
lateral eye lids
parotid glands
retroarticular
1-2 nodes behind the ear
what do retroauricular nodes drain
auricle
posterior surface
neighboring scalp
middle ear
occipital
2-3 nodes above the insertion of the traps muscle
occipital drains
skin of the posterior head
base of head
cervical
in the same area of the SCM near the jaw angle
along the internal jugular vein and supraclavicular fossa
what does the cervical drain
ear
parotid gland
jaw angle
neck
back of head
tonsils
upper body node group
axillary
pectoral
cubital
axillary
25-30 nodes in the armpit
what does axillary drain
UEs
upper trunk quadrant
mammary glands
pectoral
next to the major pectoral muscles
what does pectoral drain
mammary glands esp the lateral quadrants
cubital
cubital fossa
drains the forearm and hand
lower body node group
lumbar
iliac
superficial inguinal
popliteal
lumbar drains
testicles
ovaries
uterus
kidneys
adrenal glands
iliac
pelvis
iliac drains
lymph from inguinal lymph nodes bladder, prostate, uterus, upper portion of the vagina
superficial inguinal
approx 10 nodes in the groin
what does superficial inguinal drain
trunk wall below the naval line
lumbar and gluteal regions
perineum
external genital
LEs
popliteal
popliteal fossa
drains the lower leg
what could bypass surgery cause in the popliteal region
post bypass w/ saphenous vein graft
can lead to lymphedema distal to the knee
how is lymph transported
intrinsic contraction
respiration
skeletal movement
arterial/venous pulsation
