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ECOS 2 Pre-Midterm > Lymphatics > Flashcards

Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 anatomical components of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. Lymph fluid
  2. Lymphatic vessels
  3. Lymphatic tissues/organs
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2
Q

Main function of the lymphatic system?

A

Homeostasis - immune, digestive, waste, etc.

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3
Q

When does the lymphatic system begin to develop?

A

5th week of gestation

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4
Q

Why is breast feeding recommended?

A

The lymphoid tissue is immature at birth

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5
Q

4 functions of lymphatic system?

A
  1. Maintain fluid balance
  2. Tissue purification - lymph bathes organs, cleanses toxins and bacteria
  3. Defense - lymph nodes contains immune cells, Ag processing and presentation
  4. Nutrition - Fat absorption via chylomicrons, returns proteins to vasculature
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6
Q

When fluid overload occurs, the lymphatic system helps prevent tissue damage by ________

A

Clearing excess

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7
Q

_____ of lymph is necessary for appropriate immune function

A

Free flow

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8
Q

4 tissues that do NOT have lymphatic vessels?

A
  1. Epidermis including hair and nails
  2. Endomysium of muscle
  3. Cartilage
  4. Bone marrow
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9
Q

Describe the pathway for lymph

A 
Terminal lymphatics
Collecting vessels
Afferent lymph vessels
Lymph nodes
Efferent lymph vessels
Lymphatic trunks
Thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct 
Venous system
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10
Q

Collecting vessels consist of chains of muscular units called?

A

Lymphangions - contract to move lymph in peristaltic waves

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11
Q

Lymphangions contain what type of muscle?

A

Smooth

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12
Q

2 types of lymph nodes?

A

Superficial - in subcutaneous tissue

Deep

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13
Q

Function of lymph nodes

A

Filtration of fluid, maturation of lymphocytes and phagocytosis of bacteria

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14
Q

What are the lymphatic trunks?

A
  1. Lumbar
  2. Intestinal
  3. Bronchomediastinal
  4. Subclavian
  5. Jugular
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15
Q

Efferent lymphatic vessels drain into?

A

Lymphatic trunks

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16
Q

This trunk drains lymph from lower limbs and pelvic organs

A

Lumbar

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17
Q

This trunk drains lymph from abdominal viscera

A

Intestinal

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18
Q

This trunk drains portions of thorax

A

Bronchomediastinal

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19
Q

This trunk drains upper limbs

A

Subclavian

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20
Q

This trunk drains portions of neck and head

A

Jugular

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21
Q

What drains the lymphatic trunks of the lower body?

A

Cisterna chyli

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22
Q

Where is the cisterna chyli?

A

L1-L2

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23
Q

What gives rise to the thoracic duct?

A

Cisterna chyli at L1-2

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24
Q

What drains into the thoracic duct?

A

Left head, Left neck, Left UE, Left thorax/abdomen

EVERYTHING INFERIOR TO UMBILICUS

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25
Q

What does the thoracic duct empty into?

A

Left subclavian and Left internal jugular veins

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26
Q

What drains into the Right lymphatic duct?

A

Right head, Right neck, Right UE, R thorax

Heart and lungs

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27
Q

What does the right lymphatic duct empty into?

A

Right subclavian and Right internal jugular venous JUNCTION

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28
Q

Swollen, soft and painful lymph node may indicate?

A

Infection

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29
Q

Swollen, hard and non-painful lymph node may indicate?

A

Malignancy

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30
Q

Virchow’s lymph node may indicate?

A

Abdominal cancer

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31
Q

Epitrochlear lymph nodes (elbow) may indicate?

A

Secondary syphilis

32
Q

Largest single mass of lymphoid tissue?

A

Spleen

33
Q

Functions of the spleen?

A

Destroy damaged RBC
Synthesize immunoglobulin
Clear bacteria

34
Q

Half of the body’s lymph is formed at this lymphoid tissue and it clears bacteria

A

Liver

35
Q

Lymphoid tissue for maturation side of T cells and no real function in an adult

A

Thymus

36
Q

Lymphoid tissue that helps to build immunity in early life, no real function in an adult

A

Tonsils

37
Q

Lymphoid tissue that is a part of the GALT

A

Appendix

38
Q

Visceral lymphoid tissue consists of?

A

GALT - peyer’s patches and lacteals (SI in villi)

39
Q

What 2 diaphragms contract and pull fluid centrally and superiorly?

A

Thoracic diaphragm

Pelvic diaphragm

40
Q

What are the effects of the sympathetic nervous system on lymph valves?

A
  • This creates tighter valves

- - Causes DECREASED lymph flow into the venous system

41
Q

What are the effects of the sympathetic nervous system on lymphatic smooth muscle?

A
  • This causes DECREASED peristalsis

- - Causes LYMPHATIC CONGESTION

42
Q

OMT to address _______ improves lymphatic function

A

Hypersympatheticonia

43
Q

What is the main consequence of poorly functioning lymphatic system?

A

EDEMA = buildup of interstitial fluid

44
Q

Edema causes an increase in interstitial pressures which causes lymphatic vessels to collapse. What does this cause?

A

More edema

45
Q

Effects of edema?

A
  • Decreased nutrient and oxygen delivery because of compression of structures
  • Decreased tissue waste removal
  • Decreased pathogen/bacteria clearance
46
Q

Techniques designed to remove impediments to lymphatic circulation and promote flow of interstitial fluid and lymph

A

Lymphatic OMT

47
Q

Goal of lymphatic OMT?

A

Balanced, well-functioning system in which NO edema occurs

48
Q

What are some indications for lymphatic OMT?

A

Edema
Respiratory infections
Asthma, COPD

49
Q

What are the absolute contraindications for lymphatic OMT?

A

Anuria - kidneys must be functioning

Necrotizing fasciitis in treatment area

50
Q

Common compensatory pattern?

A

Left Right Left Right

51
Q

Uncommon compensatory pattern?

A

Right Left Right Left

52
Q

Where are the fascial patterns of zink?

A

OA/C1
C7/T1
T12/L1
L5/Sacrum

53
Q

What are the transverse restrictors?

A

Tentorium cerebelli
Thoracic inlet
Thoracolumbar diaphragm
Pelvic diaphragm

54
Q

Uncompensated patterns usually are?

A

Symptomatic and a trauma is involved

55
Q

What part of the lymphatic system is the main purifier?

A

Lymph nodes

56
Q

For tissue purification, lymph collects toxins, bacteria and waste and travels to?

A

Lymph nodes for purification

57
Q

Describe how lymphatic system is important in defense?

A

Lymph fluid brings the toxins and bacteria to lymph nodes where it comes into contact with immune cells

58
Q

What is lymph fluid?

A

Substances that leak out of capillaries/organs into interstitial space

59
Q

Collecting vessels consist of?

A

Lymphangions

60
Q

Lymphangions have how many leaflet bicuspid valves?

A

2

61
Q

What is innervating the collecting vessles?

A

ANS

62
Q

What is the path of lymph through a lymph node?

A
  1. Afferent lymphatics - opposite hilum
  2. Subscapular space - DC’s and macrophages
  3. Outer cortex - B cells
  4. Deep cortex - T cells
  5. Medullary sinus - B cells and plasma cells
  6. Effect lymphatics - hilum where lymph exits
63
Q

What is at the core of a lymph node?

A

Medullary sinus

64
Q

Subscapular space of a lymph node contains?

A

Dendritic cells and macrophages

65
Q

What part of a lymph node contains T cells?

A

Deep cortex

66
Q

What part of a lymph node contains B cells?

A

Outer cortex and medullary sinus

67
Q

The thoracic duct drains the entire lower body and left upper body. It takes a ____ turn to dump into _____

A

U-turn

Dumps into Left subclavian and Left internal jugular veins

68
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains the right upper body. Where does it originate?

A

Junction of right jugular and subclavian trunks

69
Q

The movement of _____ controls the spleen and liver fluid movement

A

Diaphragm

70
Q

What drives the lymphatic fluid to flow?

A

Negative interstitial fluid pressure

71
Q

What occurs if the interstitial fluid pressure is greater than zero?

A

Flow ceases

72
Q

What creates the pressure gradients and peristalsis in lymphatic vessles?

A

Smooth muscle contractions

73
Q

Healthy people are considered to have what type of compensatory pattern?

A

Alternating

74
Q

Un-compensated patterns

A

Do NOT alternate = considered less healthy

75
Q

“Ideal pattern”

A

NO preference for fascial rotation in any zone

ECOS 2 Pre-Midterm (14 decks)

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