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ECOS 2 Pre-Midterm > Approach to GU Complaint > Flashcards

Approach to GU Complaint Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental stage characterized by transition from sexual immaturity to sexual maturity

A

Puberty

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2
Q

Gonadarche

A

Activation of gonads by FSH and LH

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3
Q

Thelarche

A

Breast development due to Estrogen

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4
Q

Menarche

A

1st menstrual cycle

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5
Q

When does menarche usually occur compared to puberty?

A

Occurs 2-3 years after puberty begins

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6
Q

Spermarche

A

1st sperm production

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7
Q

Pubarche

A

Pubic hair development

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8
Q

At what ages does puberty begin for females?

A

10-14

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9
Q

At what ages does puberty begin for males?

A

11-16

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10
Q

Besides the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics, what grows in size with puberty?

A

Thyroid gland

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11
Q

What is the first sign of puberty for females?

A

Breast development

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12
Q

Between what breast development stages does menarche normally start?

A

Between stages 3 and 4

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13
Q

For females, breast development and pubic hair occur at what ages?

A

8-13

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14
Q

For males, pubic hair and male genitalia growth occur at what ages?

A

9-13.5

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15
Q

What 4 histories are important to obtain from a woman?

A
  1. Menstrual history
  2. Gynecologic history
  3. Obstetrical history
  4. Sexual history
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16
Q

Gravida

A

Number of pregnancies

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17
Q

Para

A

Number of viable births

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18
Q

Para can be broken down into?

A

T - term births > 37 weeks
P - preterm births between 20-37 weeks
A - abortions before 20 weeks
L - live births no matter the age of gestation

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19
Q

ex. 4 pregnancies, 1 spontaneous abortion, 1 fetal demise at 28 weeks

A

G4P2112

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20
Q

ex. 5 pregnancies, 3 term deliveries, 1 spontaneous abortion at 12 weeks, 1 live delivery at 35 weeks

A

G5P3114

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21
Q

Between what ages is a well woman exam suggested?

A

21-65

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22
Q

How often should a well woman exam be performed for women with abnormal pap smears?

A

Every year

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23
Q

How often should a well woman exam be performed for women with consecutively normal pap smears?

A

Every 3 years

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24
Q

How often should a well woman exam be performed for women with consecutively normal pap smears and a negative HPV test?

A

Every 5 years

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25
Q

At what age should mammograms be performed?

A

After 50 years of age unless high risk, then before that

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26
Q

What does a pap smear screen for?

A

Cervical cancer

27
Q

What mostly causes cervical cancer?

A

HPV strains

28
Q

From where in the cervix should samples be taken with a pap smear and where do most cervical cancers occur?

A
  1. Ectocervix
  2. Transitional zone
  3. Endocervix
  4. Squamous Columnar Junction (SCJ)
    - Most cervical cancers occur at transition zone
29
Q

Pap smears and pelvic exams both use?

A

Speculums

30
Q

What is performed with a pelvic exam?

A
  1. Inspection of internal and external genitalia
  2. Bimanual exam
  3. Check for cervical motion tenderness with Bimanual exam
  4. Obtain swabs if necessary
31
Q

Describe the steps to a Bimanual exam

A
  1. Insert speculum and inspect internal and external genitalia
  2. Take speculum out and insert index and middle finger with one hand and press up
  3. Use other hand to feel vagina, uterus, ovaries on the outside and compare on both sides
32
Q

Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy

A

Abdominal/pelvic pain with vaginal bleeding

- breast tenderness and nausea may or may not be present

33
Q

If a female presents with abdominal pain/pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding what should you do?

A

ALWAYS A PREGNANCY TEST

34
Q

UTI symptoms

A

Dysuria, urinary urgency and frequency, suprapubic pain

35
Q

What special test maybe be positive with UTI?

A

Lloyd’s sign

36
Q

How often should men get a well male exam?

A

NOT recommended routinely

37
Q

When are men suggested to get a well male exam?

A

ONLY based on signs and symptoms

38
Q

Testicular cancer is more common in what age group?

A

Younger males

39
Q

What would you palpate for a male exam?

A

Scrotum, penile shaft, glans, inguinal region and prostate via digital rectal exam

40
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia bulges into?

A

Scrotum

41
Q

Direct inguinal hernia does not bulge into?

A

Scrotum

42
Q

How do you test for an inguinal hernia?

A

Invaginate scrotal skin with index finger into inguinal canal and have patient cough

43
Q

5 Ps of sexual history?

A 
Partners
Practices
Prevention of pregnancy
Protection
Past history of STI
44
Q

STI

A

Sexually Transmitted Infection

45
Q

What are the workup options for a STI?

A

Microscopy
Wet mount - sample viewed under microscope
Nucleic acid amplification test
Serologic - blood test for antibodies

46
Q

Gonorrhea, bacteria or virus?

A

Bacteria

47
Q

Male symptoms with Gonorrhea

A

Asymptomatic or penile discharge

48
Q

Female symptoms with Gonorrhea

A

Vaginal discharge and pelvic pain

49
Q

If Gonorrhea or Chlamydia go untreated, what could they cause?

A

PID - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Infertility due to scarring

50
Q

Chlamydia, bacteria or virus?

A

Bacteria

51
Q

Male symptoms with Chlamydia

A

Asymptomatic or penile discharge, itch

52
Q

Female symptoms with Chlamydia

A

Discharge, vaginal bleeding, pain with intercourse

53
Q

Syphilis, bacteria or virus?

A

Bacteria

54
Q

Primary spyhilis

A

Painless ulcer (chancre)

55
Q

Secondary syphilis

A

Joint pain, fatigue and rash

56
Q

Tertiary syphilis

A

Neurosyphilis - confusion

57
Q

Genital Herpes, bacteria or virus?

A

Virus

58
Q

Signs of genital herpes?

A

Clusters of vesicles on genitalia with burning/pain

59
Q

How do you get rid of genital herpes?

A

YOU DON’T

- travels to spinal cord and remains for life

60
Q

Trichomonasis (protozoa) - organism with?

A

Flagella

61
Q

Male symptoms of Trichomonasis

A

Asymptomatic

62
Q

Female symptoms of Trichomonasis

A

Foul smelling discharge, dysuria, itch

63
Q

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) main sign?

A

Genital warts

64
Q

What can HPV lead to if not treated?

A

Cancers! - This is why you do a pap smear

ECOS 2 Pre-Midterm (14 decks)

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