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ECOS 2 Pre-Midterm > GIGU Imaging > Flashcards

GIGU Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

What does a KUB flat plate x-ray screen for?

A

Acute abdominal disease

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2
Q

What does an Acute Abdominal Series x-ray help to identify?

A

Air under diaphragm, obstruction and fracture

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3
Q

Appropriate situations to order an Acute Abdominal Series x-ray?

A

Abdominal pain, distention or absent bowel sounds

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4
Q

With an x-ray, how does air appear?

A

Black

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5
Q

Why are KUBs and Acute Abdominal series x-rays good?

A

Quick and readily available

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6
Q

How does an ultrasound work and what appears white/black?

A

Sound waves reflected back from tissues due to density

  • Solid structures appear white
  • Fluid filled structures appear black
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7
Q

What is ultrasound good for imaging?

A

Size
Shape
Inflammation
STONES - gallbladder

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8
Q

Why is ultrasound a good imaging choice?

A

Quick, readily available and NO RADIATION

- Safe for pregnant women and children

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9
Q

What limits ultrasound?

A

Bowel gas

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10
Q

How will gallstones appear on an ultrasound?

A

White with an acoustic shadowing with them

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11
Q

List some disease that ultrasound is good for imaging?

A 
Gallstones
Pancreatitis
Appendicitis 
Ovarian/testicular masses 
Pregnancy
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12
Q

What does a HIDA scan inject and what is it useful for?

A

Nuclear tagged material is taken up the liver and excreted into the bile
- Useful for patients that have persistent symptoms of gallstones with lack of evidence from an ultrasound

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13
Q

What can a HIDA scan evaluate?

A

Gallbladder FUNCTION and cystic duct patency

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14
Q

What are the disadvantages to a HIDA scan?

A

Takes time and cannot inject nuclear tagged material into pregnant women

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15
Q

What is something you could add to a HIDA scan?

A

CCK

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16
Q

What is the purpose of adding CCK to a HIDA scan?

A

Assesses gallbladder function by stimulating it to empty!

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17
Q

What percentage of gallbladder emptying is abnormal?

A

< 35-40% is abnormal

18
Q

What are the disadvantages to CCK being added to a HIDA scan?

A

Takes time and causes extreme abdominal cramping

19
Q

Purpose of a Fluoroscopy - Barium swallow?

A

Assess esophageal function AND anatomy

20
Q

Disadvantages of a Fluoroscopy - Barium swallow?

A

High doses of radiation

- Multiple x-rays while swallowing a radiopaque fluid

21
Q

What is a disease example that would need a Fluoroscopy - Barium swallow to identify?

A

Zenker’s Diverticula - pouch in esophagus that causes dysphagia, halitosis, regurgitation and unintentional weight loss

22
Q

What are the 2 types of CT contrast?

A

Oral and IV

23
Q

What is oral contrast with a CT good for imaging?

A

Intraluminal assessment of intestines

- Masses, tumors, perforations, obstructions

24
Q

What is IV contrast with a CT good for imaging?

A

Vascular relationships

- Aorta and renal arteries

25
Q

What is CT WITH contrast good for imaging?

A

Pathologic conditions

26
Q

Advantages of CT WITH contrast?

A

Fast, noninvasive and does NOT require consent

27
Q

Disadvantages of CT WITH contrast?

A

High doses of radiation and contrast could cause an allergic reaction (fish)

28
Q

CT WITHOUT contrast is the test of choice for what?

A

Kidney stones!!

29
Q

What is an alternative choice for kidney stone testing for pregnant females?

A

Ultrasound of kidney and bladder

30
Q

Out of the tests discussed, which have the highest radiation?

A

CT!

31
Q

Which tests require consent?

A

Upper Endoscopy
Colonoscopy
Cystoscopy

32
Q

Which tests are more sensitive to smaller ulcerations, bleeds and biopsy/removal of objects

A

EGD
Colonoscopy
Cystoscopy

33
Q

What gives you direct visualization of the upper GI tract?

A

EGD - upper endoscopy

34
Q

Prep for EGD?

A

Nothing to eat after midnight and requires anesthesia and intubation to protect airway

35
Q

What is an upper endoscopy good for detecting?

A

Upper GI bleed, GERD, dysphagia

36
Q

What gives you direct visualization of the lower GI tract?

A

Colonoscopy

37
Q

Prep for colonoscopy?

A

Laxatives to clear out bowel and light anesthesia

38
Q

What is a colonoscopy good for detecting?

A

Cancer screening and lower GI bleed

39
Q

What gives you direct visualization of the bladder and urethra?

A

Cystoscopy

40
Q

Advantages of cystoscopy?

A

Relatively quick (20 mins) and variable anesthesia

41
Q

What symptoms would suggest a cystoscopy?

A

Painless hematuria
UTIs
Kidney/bladder stones

42
Q

Do you need consent for x-ray, ultrasound or CT?

A

NO

ECOS 2 Pre-Midterm (14 decks)

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