Lymphatic System (capillaries, vessels, and organs) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. Maintains fluid balance in tissues
  2. Absorbs lipids from small intestine/digestive tract
  3. Defends the body against microorganisms and other foreign substance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lymphatic vessels carry _____ away from ______.

A

lymph; tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lymphatic capillaries lack a _____ and have loosely _______ ______ cells.

A

basement membrane; overlapping epithelial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lymphatic capillaries join to form __________.

A

lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lymphatic vessels have _______ that ensure a _______ flow of
_________.

A

valves; one-way; lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What causes the lymph to move?

A
  1. Contraction of lymphatic vessel smooth muscle
  2. Contraction of skeletal muscle
  3. Thoracic pressure changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lymph moves through vessels by the ________ of the skeletal muscles and pressure changes created by respiration

A

“milking action”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lymphatic capillaries are ________ tubes in which adjacent _______ cells _____ each other, forming _________.

A

blind-ended; endothelial; overlap; flaplike minivalves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lymph nodes are found along the ________.

A

lymphatic vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

After passing through the lymph nodes, the lymphatic vessels
converge to form larger vessels called ___________.

A

lymphatic trunks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

drains lymph from a major portion of the body

A

lymphatic trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The lymphatic trunks either connect to large veins in the thorax or join to yet larger vessels called

A

lymphatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The two lymphatic ducts

A

right lymphatic duct & thoracic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The largest lymphatic vessel is the ________.

A

thoracic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

drains lymph from the right side of the body inferior to the thorax and the entire left side of the body

A

thoracic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

drains lymph from the upper right quadrant of the body

A

right lymphatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the lymphatic trunks form a sac called the _______, a sac that joins the inferior end of the thoracic duct

A

cisterna chyli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lymphatic trunks and ducts empty into the blood at ________.

A

thoracic veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lymphatic tissue is ________ tissue that contains lymphocytes and other cells.

A

reticular connective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Areas where lymphatic tissue are concentrated

A

lymphatic/lymphoid organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the Lymphatic tissues that are surrounded by a capsule?

A

lymph nodes, spleen, thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the nonencapsulated Lymphatic tissues?

A

diffuse lymphatic tissue, lymphatic nodules, tonsils, Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

23
Q

is nonencapsulated lymphatic tissue located in and below the mucous
membranes of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts

A

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

24
Q

consists of dispersed lymphocytes, macrophages, and other cells, and has no clear boundaries blends with surrounding tissues

A

Diffuse lymphatic tissue

25
where immune cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) are PRODUCED and MATURE to the point where they can produce a normal immune response (immunocompetent)
Primary lymphoid organs
26
What are the 2 primary lymphoid organs?
Red Bone Marrow Thymus Gland
27
are the sites where the MATURE lymphocytes RESIDE and carry out immune response
Secondary lymphoid organs
28
denser arrangements of lymphatic tissue organized into compact, somewhat spherical structures
Lymphatic nodules
29
aggregations of lymphatic nodules in the distal half of the small intestine and the appendix.
Peyer's patches
30
lymphatic nodules found within lymph nodes and the spleen
lymphatic follicles
31
where lymphocytes (both T-cell and B-cells) arise
Red bone marrow
32
Site of maturation in T-cells; decreases in size after puberty
Thymus gland
33
lymphatic tissue surrounding the ARTERIES within the SPLEEN; contains a great number of lymphocytes; 1/4 of the spleen's volume
white pulp
34
associated with the VEINS within the SPLEEN; consists of a fibrous network, filled with macrophages and red blood cells, and enlarged capillaries that connect to the veins; 3/4 of the spleen's volume
red pulp
34
Foreign substances in the blood passing through the spleen can stimulate an __________ because of the presence of _______ in the __________.
immune response; lymphocytes; white pulp
35
Foreign substances and defective red blood cells are removed from the blood by ________ in the _________ of the spleen.
phagocytes; red pulp
36
Located in the left superior corner of the abdominal cavity; has an outer capsule of dense connective tissue and a small amount of smooth muscle
spleen
37
The spleen filters ________ instead of lymph.
blood
38
The spleen's functions are:
1. destroying defective red blood cells 2. detecting and responding to foreign substances in the blood 3. acting as a blood reservoir
39
The ________ of the spleen are a limited reservoir for blood.
splenic cords
40
bilobed gland in the superior mediastinum and is divided into a cortex and a medulla
Thymus
41
A hormone secreted by the thymus that is important in the T-cell maturation process.
Thymosin
42
what are the secondary lymphoid organs?
Spleen, Lymph Nodes, MALT (Tonsils, Peyer’s Patches, and Appendix)
43
are small, round or bean-shaped structures distributed along the course of the lymphatic vessels that filters lymph and removes bacteria and other materials.
Lymph nodes
44
lymphocytes ________, _________, and _________ within lymph nodes.
congregate; function; proliferate
45
Lymph nodes are categorized as __________ or ________.
superficial; deep
46
__________ carry lymph to the lymph nodes, where it is filtered, and __________ carry lymph away from the lymph nodes
Afferent lymphatic vessels; efferent lymphatic vessels
47
large groups of lymphatic nodules in the pharynx that protect against bacteria entering through the nasal or oral cavity; decrease in size after puberty and eventually may disappear
Tonsils
48
The three groups of tonsils
1. Pharyngeal tonsils 2. Palatine tonsils 3. Lingual tonsil
49
When the pharyngeal tonsil is enlarged, it is commonly called the ________.
adenoid
50
large, oval, lymphatic masses on each side of the junction between the oral cavity and the pharynx; What most of us think of as our “tonsils” are
palatine tonsils
50
aggregated lymphoid nodules; large clusters of lymphoid follicles, structurally similar to the tonsils; located in the wall of the distal portion of the small intestine
Peyer's patches
51
Function of Peyer's patches
monitor intestinal bacteria populations and prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines
52
is a tubular offshoot of the first part of the large intestine and contains a high concentration of lymphoid follicles
Appendix