Lymphatic System (capillaries, vessels, and organs)

Question 1

What are the three main functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 1

1. Maintains fluid balance in tissues
2. Absorbs lipids from small intestine/digestive tract
3. Defends the body against microorganisms and other foreign substance

Question 2

Lymphatic vessels carry _____ away from ______.

Answer 2

lymph; tissues

Question 3

Lymphatic capillaries lack a _____ and have loosely _______ ______ cells.

Answer 3

basement membrane; overlapping epithelial

Question 4

Lymphatic capillaries join to form __________.

Answer 4

lymphatic vessels

Question 5

Lymphatic vessels have _______ that ensure a _______ flow of
_________.

Answer 5

valves; one-way; lymph

Question 6

What causes the lymph to move?

Answer 6

1. Contraction of lymphatic vessel smooth muscle
2. Contraction of skeletal muscle
3. Thoracic pressure changes

Question 7

Lymph moves through vessels by the ________ of the skeletal muscles and pressure changes created by respiration

Answer 7

“milking action”

Question 8

Lymphatic capillaries are ________ tubes in which adjacent _______ cells _____ each other, forming _________.

Answer 8

blind-ended; endothelial; overlap; flaplike minivalves

Question 9

Lymph nodes are found along the ________.

Answer 9

lymphatic vessel

Question 10

After passing through the lymph nodes, the lymphatic vessels
converge to form larger vessels called ___________.

Answer 10

lymphatic trunks

Question 11

drains lymph from a major portion of the body

Answer 11

lymphatic trunk

Question 12

The lymphatic trunks either connect to large veins in the thorax or join to yet larger vessels called

Answer 12

lymphatic duct

Question 13

The two lymphatic ducts

Answer 13

right lymphatic duct & thoracic duct

Question 14

The largest lymphatic vessel is the ________.

Answer 14

thoracic duct

Question 15

drains lymph from the right side of the body inferior to the thorax and the entire left side of the body

Answer 15

thoracic duct

Question 16

drains lymph from the upper right quadrant of the body

Answer 16

right lymphatic duct

Question 17

the lymphatic trunks form a sac called the _______, a sac that joins the inferior end of the thoracic duct

Answer 17

cisterna chyli

Question 18

Lymphatic trunks and ducts empty into the blood at ________.

Answer 18

thoracic veins

Question 19

Lymphatic tissue is ________ tissue that contains lymphocytes and other cells.

Answer 19

reticular connective

Question 20

Areas where lymphatic tissue are concentrated

Answer 20

lymphatic/lymphoid organs

Question 21

What are the Lymphatic tissues that are surrounded by a capsule?

Answer 21

lymph nodes, spleen, thymus

Question 22

What are the nonencapsulated Lymphatic tissues?

Answer 22

diffuse lymphatic tissue, lymphatic nodules, tonsils, Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Question 23

is nonencapsulated lymphatic tissue located in and below the mucous
membranes of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts

Answer 23

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Question 24

consists of dispersed lymphocytes, macrophages, and other cells, and has no clear boundaries blends with surrounding tissues

Answer 24

Diffuse lymphatic tissue

Question 25

where immune cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) are PRODUCED and MATURE to the point where they can produce a normal immune response (immunocompetent)

Answer 25

Primary lymphoid organs

Question 26

What are the 2 primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 26

Red Bone Marrow Thymus Gland

Question 27

are the sites where the MATURE lymphocytes RESIDE and carry out immune response

Answer 27

Secondary lymphoid organs

Question 28

denser arrangements of lymphatic tissue organized into compact, somewhat spherical structures

Answer 28

Lymphatic nodules

Question 29

aggregations of lymphatic nodules in the distal half of the small intestine and the appendix.

Answer 29

Peyer's patches

Question 30

lymphatic nodules found within lymph nodes and the spleen

Answer 30

lymphatic follicles

Question 31

where lymphocytes (both T-cell and B-cells) arise

Answer 31

Red bone marrow

Question 32

Site of maturation in T-cells; decreases in size after puberty

Answer 32

Thymus gland

Question 33

lymphatic tissue surrounding the ARTERIES within the SPLEEN; contains a great number of lymphocytes; 1/4 of the spleen's volume

Answer 33

white pulp

Question 34

associated with the VEINS within the SPLEEN; consists of a fibrous network, filled with macrophages and red blood cells, and enlarged capillaries that connect to the veins; 3/4 of the spleen's volume

Answer 34

red pulp

Question 34

Foreign substances in the blood passing through the spleen can stimulate an __________ because of the presence of _______ in the __________.

Answer 34

immune response; lymphocytes; white pulp

Question 35

Foreign substances and defective red blood cells are removed from the blood by ________ in the _________ of the spleen.

Answer 35

phagocytes; red pulp

Question 36

Located in the left superior corner of the abdominal cavity; has an outer capsule of dense connective tissue and a small amount of smooth muscle

Answer 36

spleen

Question 37

The spleen filters ________ instead of lymph.

Answer 37

blood

Question 38

The spleen's functions are:

Answer 38

1. destroying defective red blood cells 2. detecting and responding to foreign substances in the blood 3. acting as a blood reservoir

Question 39

The ________ of the spleen are a limited reservoir for blood.

Answer 39

splenic cords

Question 40

bilobed gland in the superior mediastinum and is divided into a cortex and a medulla

Answer 40

Thymus

Question 41

A hormone secreted by the thymus that is important in the T-cell maturation process.

Answer 41

Thymosin

Question 42

what are the secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 42

Spleen, Lymph Nodes, MALT (Tonsils, Peyer’s Patches, and Appendix)

Question 43

are small, round or bean-shaped structures distributed along the course of the lymphatic vessels that filters lymph and removes bacteria and other materials.

Answer 43

Lymph nodes

Question 44

lymphocytes ________, _________, and _________ within lymph nodes.

Answer 44

congregate; function; proliferate

Question 45

Lymph nodes are categorized as __________ or ________.

Answer 45

superficial; deep

Question 46

__________ carry lymph to the lymph nodes, where it is filtered, and __________ carry lymph away from the lymph nodes

Answer 46

Afferent lymphatic vessels; efferent lymphatic vessels

Question 47

large groups of lymphatic nodules in the pharynx that protect against bacteria entering through the nasal or oral cavity; decrease in size after puberty and eventually may disappear

Answer 47

Tonsils

Question 48

The three groups of tonsils

Answer 48

1. Pharyngeal tonsils 2. Palatine tonsils 3. Lingual tonsil

Question 49

When the pharyngeal tonsil is enlarged, it is commonly called the ________.

Answer 49

adenoid

Question 50

large, oval, lymphatic masses on each side of the junction between the oral cavity and the pharynx; What most of us think of as our “tonsils” are

Answer 50

palatine tonsils

Question 50

aggregated lymphoid nodules; large clusters of lymphoid follicles, structurally similar to the tonsils; located in the wall of the distal portion of the small intestine

Answer 50

Peyer's patches

Question 51

Function of Peyer's patches

Answer 51

monitor intestinal bacteria populations and prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines

Question 52

is a tubular offshoot of the first part of the large intestine and contains a high concentration of lymphoid follicles

Answer 52

Appendix