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Anatomy and Physiology > Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q
  • Consists of four bones:
    o 2 Scapulae (Posteriorly)
    o 2 Clavicles (Anteriorly)
A

PECTORAL GIRDLE

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2
Q

slender, S-shaped bones that can be felt along their entire course as they extend horizontally across the superior thorax

A

Clavicle

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3
Q

thin, triangular – shaped bones

A

Scapula

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4
Q

hallow fossa which articulates with the humeral head forming the glenohumeral joint or shoulder joint

A

Glenoid Cavity

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5
Q

prominence that can be felt through the skin

A

Spine

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6
Q

posterolateral end of the spine, articulates with the acromial end forming ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT

A

Acromion

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7
Q
  • anterolateral end of the spine.
  • No articulation but helps anchor the bicep muscle.
A

Coracoid process

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8
Q

a nerve passage

A

Suprascapular Notch

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9
Q

UPPER LIMB consists of:

A
  • Arm
  • Elbow
  • Forearm
  • Wrist
  • Hand
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10
Q
  • Region between the shoulder and the elbow.
  • It contains the humerus
A

arm

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11
Q

Parts of the arm

A

✓ Humeral Head
✓ Anatomical Neck
✓ Surgical Neck
✓ Greater Tubercle
✓ Lesser Tubercle
✓ Deltoid Tuberosity
✓ Radial Groove

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12
Q

largest and longest bone of the upper limb

A

humerus

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13
Q

hemispherical shaped, which fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapula in a manner that allows the arm to hang freely at one’s side.

A

Humeral Head

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14
Q

slight constriction inferior to the head

A

Anatomical neck

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15
Q

most fractured part of the humerus

A

Surgical neck

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16
Q

lateral tubercle

A

Greater tubercle

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17
Q

Lesser tubercle

A

medial tubercle

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18
Q

separates
the two tubercles

A

Bicipital groove/Intertubercular sulcus

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19
Q

roughened attachment for deltoid muscle

A

Deltoid tuberosity

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20
Q

runs obliquely, marking the course of the radial nerve

A

Radial groove

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21
Q

Elbow Anterior view:

A
  • Capitulum
  • Trochlea
  • Head of radius
  • Coronoid Fossa
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22
Q

Elbow posterior view:

A
  • Medial Epicondyle
  • Lateral Epicondyle
  • Olecranon
  • Olecranon Fossa
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23
Q

articulates with radius, medial condyle

A

Capitulum

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24
Q

articulates with ulna, lateral condyle

A

Trochlea

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25
Q

muscle attachment site

A

Medial and lateral epicondyle

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26
Q

prominent process of the ulna which articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus forming the elbow joint

A

Olecranon

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27
Q

Two parallel long bones, the radius and the ulna, form the skeleton of the forearm, or antebrachium

A

Forearm

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28
Q
  • Thin at its proximal end and wide distally.
  • Responsible for forming the wrist joint
A

Radius (Lateral portion)

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29
Q

nail-like, most proximal portion of the radius

A

Radial Head

30
Q

inferior to the head, anchors biceps muscle

A

Radial tuberosity

31
Q
  • anchoring site for ligaments that run to the wrist
A

Radial styloid process

32
Q

Articulate with the ulna (radioulnar joint)

A

Ulnar notch

33
Q
  • Sligthly longer than the radius
  • responsible for forning the elbow joint with the humerus
A

Ulna (medial portion)

34
Q

Parts of the ulna

A
  • head of ulna
  • ulnar styloid process
35
Q

Anchoring site for ligaments that run to the wrist

A

Ulnar styloid process

36
Q

Includes the carpals, metacarpals

A

Hand

37
Q

Parts of the hand (proximal)

A
  • Scaphoid (Navicular): boat-shaped
  • Lunate (semilunar): moon-shaped
  • Triquetrum (Triquetral)
  • pisiform (unciform)
38
Q

Parts of the Hand (distal)

A
  • trapezium (greater motangular)
  • trapezoid (lesser motangular)
  • capitate (os magnum)
  • hamate (hamulus)
39
Q

Numbered from I-V

A

Metacarpal

40
Q

Meracarpal is composed of:

A
  • head (articulates with the metacarpolhalangeal joint)
  • shaft
  • base (articulates with carpals: carpometacarpal joint)
41
Q
  • Also numbered from I-V.
  • Contains 14 miniature long bones.
  • Except from the first digit, each digit has 3 phalanges
    o Proximal
    o Middle
    o Distal
A

Phalanges

42
Q
  • Attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton
  • transmits the full weight of the upper body to the lower limbs
  • supports the visceral organs of the pelvis.
  • consists of two hip bones (os coxae)
A

PELVIC GIRDLE

43
Q

Each hip bone has three parts:

A
  • ilium
  • pubis
  • ischium
44
Q

A large flaring bone that forms the superior region of a coxal xbone

A

Ilium

45
Q

superior winglike portion

A

Ala

46
Q

thickened portion on the superior margin of ala

A

Iliac crest

47
Q
  • through which the thick cordlike sciatic nerve passes to enter the thigh.
A

Greater Sciatic Notch

48
Q

a concavity exhibited by the medial surface of the iliac ala

A

iliac fossa

49
Q

where the iliac crest ends anteriorly and posteriorly respectively

A

anterior superior iliac spine
posterior superior iliac spine

50
Q

Located below the anterior and posterior superior iliac spine

A

anterior and posterior inferior iliac spines

51
Q

Forms the anterior portion of the hip bone

A

Pubis

52
Q

a. Essentially, the pubis is ________ with __________________ issuing from its flattened medial body.
b. The _________ of the pubis is thickened to form the _________. At the lateral end of the pubic crest is the _______, one of the attachments for the ___________.

A
  • V shaped
  • superior and inferior pubic rami
  • anterior border
  • pubic crest
  • pubic tubercle
  • inguinal ligament.
53
Q

large opening of the hip bone where blood vessels pass through

A

Obturator foramen

54
Q

The bodies of the two pubic bones are joined by a fibrocartilage disc, forming the _____________

A

midline pubic symphysis joint

55
Q

Inferior to the midline pubic symphysis joint, the inferior pubic rami angle laterally, forming an inverted V-shaped arch called the

A

pubic arch or subpubic angle

56
Q
  • Forms the posteroinferior portion of the hip bone
  • Roughly L- or arc-shaped, it has a thicker, superior body adjoining the ilium and a thinner, inferior ramus
A

Ischium

57
Q
  • projects medially into the pelvic cavity and serves as a point of attachment of the sacrospinous ligament running from the sacrum
A

ischial spine

58
Q
  • Just inferior to the ischial spine
  • A number of nerves and blood vessels pass through this notch to supply the anogenital area
A

lesser sciatic notch

59
Q

Regions of the LOWER LIMB:

A
  • thigh
  • patella
  • tibia
  • fibula
  • foot
60
Q
  • Region between the hip and the knee.
  • It contains the femur.
A

Thigh

61
Q

The ball-like _______ of the femur has a small central pit called the ________. The short ligament of the head of the femur runs from this pit to the ________, where it helps secure the _________

A
  • head
  • fovea capitis
  • acetabulum
  • femur
62
Q

projections that serve as sites of attachment for thigh and buttock muscles

A

lateral greater trochanter
posteromedial lesser trochanter

63
Q

connects the lesser and greater trochanter

A

intertrochanteric line (anteriorly)
intertrochanteric crest (posteriorly)

64
Q

Inferior to the intertrochanteric crest on the posterior shaft is the _________, which blends into a long vertical ridge, the _________

A
  • gluteal tuberosity
  • linea aspera
65
Q

triangular sesamoid bone enclosed in the (quadriceps) tendon that secures the anterior thigh muscles to the tibia

A

Patella

65
Q

Receives the weight of the body from the femur and transmits it to the foo

A

Tibia (Medial Portion)

66
Q

At the broad proximal end of the tibia are the _____________, which look like two huge checkers lying side by side. These are separated by
an irregular projection, the ____________

A
  • concave medial and lateral condyle
  • intercondylar eminence.
67
Q

Just inferior to the condyles, the tibia’s anterior surface displays the rough _________, to which the patellar ligament attaches. Medial to that joint surface is an inferior projection, the ______________

A
  • tibial tuberosity
  • medial malleolus
68
Q
  • A sticklike bone with slightly expanded ends. Not for weight bearing, but for muscle attachment.
  • Its proximal end is its head; its distal end is the lateral malleolus
A

Fibula

69
Q

forms the conspicuous lateral ankle bulge and articulates with
the talus

A

lateral malleolus

70
Q

– includes tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges

A

Foot

71
Q

Parts of the tarsals

A

a. Talus – largest
b. Calcaneus – heelbone
c. Navicular
d. Medial Cuneform
e. Intermidiate Cuneiform
f. Lateral Cuneiform
g. Cuboid

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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