Axial Skeleton Flashcards
1
Q
The Axial Skeleton is composed of _____ bones
A
80
2
Q
A. Skull –
B. Hyoid –
C. Auditory Ossicles –
D. Thorax (Sternum and Ribs) -
E. Vertebra –
A
22
1
6
25
26
3
Q
Bone markings
A
- articulating
- non-articulating
- depression/opening
4
Q
Articulating
A
- Head – enlarged end
- Condyle – smooth rounded articular surface
- Facet – smooth flattened surface
5
Q
Non – Articulating
A
- Tuberosity – Knob/Enlargement
- Process- prominent projection
- Crest – prominent ridge
- Tubercle
- Line
6
Q
Depressions/Opening
A
- Foramen – opening/hole
- Fossa – depression
- Meatus – tunnel-like opening
- Fissure – cleft
- Sinus – cavity
7
Q
________ has 22 bones and divided into two:
A
SKULL
1. Calvarium/cranium (Braincase) – Superior aspect
2. Cranial base (Facial bones) – inferior
8
Q
Calvarium (STEP OF 6)
A
- Sphenoid (Unpaired)
- Temporal
- Ethmoid (Unpaired)
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Frontal
9
Q
Forms the forehead, superior part of orbits and most of the
anterior cranial fossa; contains sinuses
A
FRONTAL BONE
10
Q
FRONTAL BONE
a.
b.
c.
d.
A
squamous
supraorbital margin
supraorbital foramen
Glabella
11
Q
- forehead, the most anterior part of the frontal area
A
Squamous
12
Q
- thickened part which lie under the eyebrows.
- This is where the forehead ends
A
Supraorbital margin
13
Q
- passageway of supraorbital artery and nerves.
A
Supraorbital foramen
14
Q
Forms most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull.
A
PARIETAL BONE
15
Q
interlocking joints of the skull / wormian bones
A
Sutures
16
Q
a. Coronal Suture -
b. Lambdoidal Suture -
c. Squamousal Suture -
d. Sagittal Suture -
A
- parietal - frontal
- parietal – occipital
- parietal – temporal
- parietal bones
17
Q
- Form the inferolateral aspects of the skull and contribute to
the middle cranial fossa. - It is best viewed on a lateral position.
A
TEMPORAL BONES
18
Q
3 major parts of temporal bones:
A
- Squamous
- Tympanic
- Petrous
19
Q
Squamous
1.
2.
A
Zygomatic Arch
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
20
Q
when the zygomatic process of the temporal bone meets the zygomatic bone, it forms an arch.
A
Zygomatic Arch
21
Q
condylar process of the mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa
A
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
22
Q
- through which the sound enters the ear, thus enables sound waves to reach the eardrum.
A
External Auditory Meatus (found in Tympanic)
23
Q
- thickest and hoses the middle and internal ear cavities
A
Petrous
24
Q
Petrous:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A
- Middle cranial fossa
- Jugular Foramen
- Carotid canal
- Foramen Lacerum
- Internal Acoustic Meatus
- Mastoid process
- Styloid process
25
supports the temporal brain
Middle cranial fossa
26
most lateral foramen, passageway of the jugular vein
Jugular Foramen
27
- anterior to the jugular foramen.
- Transmits the internal carotid artery into the cranial cavity
Carotid canal
28
- between petrous temporal and sphenoid.
- Most medial portion
Foramen Lacerum
29
transmits cranial nerves.
Internal Acoustic Meatus
30
- acts as an anchoring site for some neck muscles.
- Can be felt as a lump just posterior to the ear.
- has many air cavities called “mastoid air cells”
Mastoid process
31
- needle like process which is not just for neck attachment but also for tongue muscles.
Styloid process
32
Forms most of the skull’s posterior wall and base.
OCCIPITAL BONE
33
Occipital bone
a.
b.
c.
d.
a. Posterior cranial fossa
b. Foramen Magnum
c. Occipital condyles
d. External occipital protuberance
34
supports the cerebellum
Posterior cranial fossa
35
- largest foramen of the skull
- spinal cord passes through
Foramen Magnum
36
- located on each lateral side of the foramen magnum.
- This is where C1 articulates.
Occipital condyles
37
- Most bulging part of the posterior skull
External occipital protuberance
38
- Bat-shaped
- Keystone, because it acts as a central wedge that articulates with all other cranial bones.
Sphenoid
39
forms the center of the sphenoid bone
body of sphenoid
40
houses the pituitary gland
Hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica
41
medial process, horn-like
Lesser tubercle
42
projects laterally
Greater tubercle
43
interior portion, which serves as an attachment for pterygoid muscles for chewing
Pterygoid process
44
- Has complex shape like sphenoid
- Helps to form the anterior cranial fossa; forms part of the nasal septum and the lateral walls and roof of the nasal cavity;
- contributes to the medial wall of the orbit
ETHMOID BONE
45
helps form the root of the nasal cavities and floor of the anterior cranial fossa
Cribriform plate
46
– the dura matter of the brain is attached to this structure, to help secure the brain in the cranial cavity
Crista galli
47
inferior portion, which divides the nasal cavity from right to left.
Perpendicular plate
48
Facial Bones
Vomer
Inferior Nasal Conchae (2),
Nasal (2),
Maxilla (2)
Mandible,
Palatine (2),
Zygoma (2),
Lacrimal (2)
49
- Lower-jaw bone, forms the chin and anchors lower teeth
- The largest and strongest bone of the face
Mandible
50
Parts of the mandible
● Paired rami
● Mandibular angle
● Body of mandible
● Condylar process
● Mandibular foramen
● Mental foramen
51
- two upright bars of the bone extends from the body to connect mandible with temporal bone
- meets in mandibular angle
Paired rami
52
- horizontal part of the mandible
- forms the chin
Body of mandible
53
attached to our temporal bone (mandibular fossa) to form temporomandibular joint
Condylar process
54
located near the mandibular angle to permit nerves for tooth sensation
Mandibular foramen
55
opening on the lateral aspect of mandibular body which allow nerves and blood vessel of the lip and lower chin
Mental foramen
56
Upper-jaw bone and parts of the hard palate, orbits and nasal cavity walls
MAXILLA -
57
- Forms the cheeks and parts of the orbits.
- Articulations: Maxilla, frontal and temporal
ZYGOMA
58
- Forms the bridge of the nose
- Articulations: Frontal, maxilla and perpendicular plate
NASAL
59
- Fingernail-shaped structure which forms part of the medial orbit wall
LACRIMAL
60
serves as a passageway for tears to drain from the eye surface to nasal cavity
lacrimal sac
61
Form posterior part of the hard palate and a small part of nasal cavity and orbit walls
PALATINE
62
- joined at the median palatine suture
- complete the posterior portion of the hard palate
horizontal plates
63
- slender, plow-shaped
- lies in the nasal cavity, where it forms part of the nasal septum
VOMER
64
- thin, curved bones in the nasal cavity.
- project medially from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity,
just inferior to the middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone
INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE
65
- is unique in that it is the only bone of the
body that does not articulate directly with any other bone
HYOID BONE
66
Three bones in the middle ear that are among the smallest bones in the human body
AUDITORY OSSICLES
67
Auditory ossicles
1.
2.
3.
1. Malleus (hammer)
2. Incus(Anvil)
3. Stapes (Stirrup)
68
- Backbone
- 33 bones (infant)
- 26 bones (adult)
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
68
Regions of the vertebra
1. Cervical – C1 to C7
2. Thoracic – T1 to T12
3. Lumbar – L1 to L5
4. Sacral – fused
5. Coccyx – fused
69
Each vertebra consists of a
body, centrum, vertebral arch
70
flattened plates that fuse in the median plane, complete the arch posteriorly
Laminae
71
- hort bony pillars projecting posteriorly from the vertebral body, form the sides of the arch.
pedicles
72
extends laterally from each side of the vertebral arch.
Transverse process
73
protrude superiorly and inferiorly respectively from the pedicle – lamina junction
Superior and inferior articular facet
74
Body: Massive kidney -shaped
Short and flat spinous process
Pedicles and laminae are thicker and shorter
Transverse process
Vertebral foramen is triangular
L1-L5
75
- cervical
- Body: None
- No spinous process
- Has superior articular facets
C1 (Atlas)
76
- Not as specialized as atlas
- Unique feature: knoblike dens
C2 (Axis)
77
- Body: Oval
- Spinous process is short and bifid
- Vertebral foramen is triangular
- C7-palpable (Vertebra Prominens)
C3-C7
78
Body: Heart shaped
Long and sharp spinous process
Demifacets
Transverse process
Vertebral foramen is round De Lumbar Spine
Thoracic Spine
T1-T12
79
- Protects the vital organs in the thorax
- include the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly, the ribs laterally, and the sternum and costal
cartilages anteriorly.
- Includes the sternum and the ribs
Thoracic Cage
80
- lies in the anterior midline of the thorax.
- Its superior portion is the manubrium and the inferior portion is the xiphoid process
Sternum/Breastbone -
