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Anatomy And Physiology > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the lymph?

A

Interstitial fluid that returns lost plasma proteins to bloodstream in lymphatic vessels

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2
Q

What are lymphatic vessels?

A

Structures and organs that contain lymphatic tissue

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3
Q

What is lymphatic tissue?

A

A specialised connective tissue that contains large numbers of lymphocytes

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4
Q

What is red bone marrow?

A

Stem cells that develop into RBC and WBC

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5
Q

What is the first function of the lymphatic system?

A

Drain tissue spaces of excess interstitial fluid and return it to the cardiovascular system

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6
Q

What is the second function of the lymphatic system?

A

Transport dietary lipids and lipid soluble vitamins from the GI tract to the blood

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7
Q

What is the third function of the lymphatic system?

A

Protect the body from foreign cells, microbes and cancer cells through immune responses

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8
Q

What is the smallest lymphatic vessel?

A

Lymphatic capillaries

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9
Q

What forces fluid into lymphatic capillaries?

A

Pressure in tissues

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10
Q

What makes sure fluid does not flow out of lymphatic capillaries?

A

Overlapping endothelial cells that act like a one way valve

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11
Q

Where are lymphatic capillaries found?

A

Throughout body except in CNS, bone marrow, portions of spleen and avascular tissues

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12
Q

What do lymphatic capillaries merge to form?

A

Lymphatic ducts- thinned walled structures like veins but with more valves

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13
Q

Apart from valves what can be found periodically along lymphatic duct?

A

Lymph nodes that are lymphocytes in capsular structure

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14
Q

Lymph flows through system due to….

A

Muscle contractions, 1-way valves, respiratory pressure and smooth muscle contractions in lymph vessel wall

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15
Q

What are primary lymphatic organs?

A

Thymus and red bone marrow

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16
Q

What are secondary lymphatic organs?

A

Sites where most immune responses occur and made of lymph nodes, spleen and lymphatic nodules

17
Q

Where is thymus found?

A

Between lungs and above heart

18
Q

What happens to immature T cells?

A

They migrate from bone marrow to cortex of thymus where they multiply and mature

19
Q

What happens to mature T-cells?

A

They enter blood and populate lymph nodes, spleen and other lymphatic tissues

20
Q

Where are lymph nodes found?

A

Scattered throughout the body and concentrated near mammary glands, axillae and groin

21
Q

What do lymph nodes contain?

A

Mature B-cells, T-cells, dendritic cells and macrophages

22
Q

What do lymph nodes do?

A

Filter lymph, trap foreign substances which macrophages and lymphocytes mostly destroy

23
Q

What happens at germinal centres of lymph nodes?

A

Aggregation of B lymphocytes which are rapidly proliferating and differentiating upon stimulation with antigen

24
Q

What percentage of volume removed from blood goes to lymphatic and what percentage is returned to blood?

A

10% to lymphatic, 90% returns

25
Q

What is white pulp?

A

Lymphatic made up of lymphocytes and macrophages surrounding central arteries

26
Q

What is red pulp?

A

Blood filled venous sinuses and splenic cords with RBC, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells and granular leukocyte

27
Q

What does spleen do?

A

Destroys worn or defective blood cells and platelets
Stores platelets
Produces blood cells in foetal life

28
Q

Why can sleep be removed if it is ruptured?

A

Because red bone marrow and liver can take over function

29
Q

What is the smallest lymphatic vessel?

A

Lymphatic capillaries

30
Q

What are the characteristics of lymphatic vessels?

A

Slighter bigger than blood capillaries and are closed ended

31
Q

What is the spleen and where is it?

A

Is the largest single mass of lymphoid and is between stomach and diaphragm

32
Q

What are the 4 layers of Gi tract wall?

A

Mucosa- submucosa- muscularis externa- serosa

33
Q

What is the mucosa layer made up of?

A

Protective epithelium, laminate propia (small bv, lv and nerves) and muscularis mucosa (scarce SMC layer)

34
Q

What are the 3 functions of lymphatic system?

A

Draining interstitial fluid
Transporting dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins to the blood
Facilitate immune response

35
Q

What are the 4 factors what contributes to lymph flow?

A

Muscle contractions
1-way valves
Respiratory pressure
SMC contraction in lymph vessel wall

36
Q

Name a primary lymphoid tissue?

A

Thymus or red bone marrow

37
Q

Name a secondary lymphoid tissue?

A

Lymph node, lymph nodule or spleen

38
Q

Where is Hassal’s corpuscle found?

A

Medulla of thymus

39
Q

Do lymph nodules have capsules?

A

No

Anatomy And Physiology (12 decks)

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