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Microanatomy Exam 3 > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of lymphatic system

A

Secondary defense system

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2
Q

Methods of defense

A
  1. Humoral immune system
  2. Cell-mediated immune system
  3. Filtration of lymph and blood
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3
Q

Primary method of defense

A

Epithelial cells

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4
Q

Primary defense aka?

A

Innate / non-specific

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5
Q

Secondary defense aka?

A

Immune / acquired / specific

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6
Q

2 types of secondary defense

A
  1. Humoral

2. Cell mediated

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7
Q

Cytokines are?

A

Chemical messengers

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8
Q

3 cells/molecules involved in humoral defense

A
  1. B lymphocytes
  2. Antibodies
  3. Plasma cels
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9
Q

2 cells/molecules involved in cell-mediated defense

A
  1. T lymphocytes

2. Cytokines

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10
Q

2 classifications of lymphatic tissue

A
  1. Diffuse

2. Dense

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11
Q

Diffuse lymphatic tissue is found in?

A
  1. Respiratory tract

2. Lamina propria of GI tract

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12
Q

Diffuse lymphatic tissue

A

Loosely scattered lymphocytes beneath epithelial layers

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13
Q

Dense lymphatic tissue

A

More compact, spherical structures (nodules/follicles)

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14
Q

Dense lyphatic tissue is found in?

A

Submucoa of GI tract

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15
Q

What are aggregated lymph nodules?

A

Accumulations of many nodules

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16
Q

Example of aggregated lymph nodules

A

Peyer’s patches

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17
Q

Peyer’s patches are found in?

A

Wall of intestines, especially ileum

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18
Q

What are tonsils?

A

Areas where lymphoid tissue is very closely associated with epithelium

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19
Q

How do you recognize a tonsil?

A

Lymphocytes invade epithelium

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20
Q

What are crypts?

A

Deep invaginations of epithelium

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21
Q

Crypts are found in what type of lymphatic tissue?

A

Tonsils

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22
Q

Crypts are found in the palatine tonsils of all species except?

A

Carnivores

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23
Q

Difference between lymphatic tissue and lymphatic organs?

A

Lymphatic organs have CT capsule, lymphatic tissue does not

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24
Q

Lymph nodes are usually shaped how?

A

Bean-shaped with hilus

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25
Q

Lymphocenter

A

Constant locations of lymph nodes

26
Q

Lymph node structure

A
  1. Capsule
  2. Stroma
  3. Cortex
  4. Paracortex
  5. Medulla
  6. Lymph flow
27
Q

Capsule of lymph node

A

Surrounds node

28
Q

Parenchyma is the?

A

Functional part of an organ

29
Q

Stroma of lymph nodes

A

Trabeculae from capsule divide parenchyma into smaller compartments

30
Q

Stroma contains a network of?

A

Reticular fibers

31
Q

Reticular fibers are type ___ collagen

A

Type III

32
Q

Cortex is the?

A

Outer region of parenchyma

33
Q

Species in which cortex is not the outer region of parenchyma

A

Swine and elephants

34
Q

Cortex contains?

A
  1. Lymph nodules/follicles

2. Lymph sinuses

35
Q

Appearance of primary lymph nodules

A

Homogenous

36
Q

2 types of lymph nodules

A
  1. Primary

2. Secondary

37
Q

Which type of lymph nodules contains a germinal center?

A

Secondary

38
Q

What is a germinal center?

A

A lighter center of a lymph nodules which indicates previous antigenic exposure

39
Q

Why do germinal centers have lighter center?

A

Presence of activated lymphocytes (which ave more vesicular nucleus and more cytoplasm → pale)

40
Q

2 possible fates of activated lymphocytes in germinal center

A
  1. Become plasma cells and secrete antibodies

2. Become memory cells

41
Q

2 types of lymph sinuses

A
  1. Subcapsular

2. Trabecular

42
Q

Paracortex is?

A

Poorly defined zone in deep center next to medulla

43
Q

Paracortex contains mostly?

A

T lymphocytes

44
Q

Thymus dependent zone refers to?

A

Paracortex

45
Q

T lymphocytes are produced in?

A

Thymus

46
Q

How do T cells enter paracortex?

A

Via HEVs

47
Q

HEV stands for?

A

High endothelial venules

48
Q

What are HEVs?

A

Small vessels with unusually tall endothelium

49
Q

Lymph arrives via what type of vessels?

A

Afferent vessels

50
Q

Medulla is the?

A

Inner region of lymph node

51
Q

Medulla contains?

A
  1. Medullary cords
  2. Medullary sinuses
  3. Trabeculae (from cortex)
52
Q

Lymphatic tissue in medulla is in the form of?

A

Medullary cords

53
Q

Medullary cords contain?

A
  1. Lymphocytes
  2. Plasma cells
  3. Macrophages
  4. Reticular cells
54
Q

What are medullary sinuses?

A

Lymph sinuses along medullary cords

55
Q

Afferent vessels enter capsule where?

A

Convex surface of node

56
Q

Afferent vessels drain into?

A

Subscapular and trabecular sinuses

57
Q

Lymph flow

A

Percolates through cortical sinuses into medullary sinuses

58
Q

Where are lymphocytes added to lymph?

A

Medullary sinuses

59
Q

How does lymph penetrate cortex and medulla?

A

Leaks from sinuses

60
Q

Efferent vessels leave organ where?

A

Hilus

61
Q

Blood vessels enter and depart where?

A

Hilus

Microanatomy Exam 3 (10 decks)

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