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Microanatomy Exam 3 > Digestive System I > Flashcards

Digestive System I Flashcards

1
Q

Associated glands of digestive system

A
  1. Salivary glands
  2. Liver
  3. Pancreas
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2
Q

4 parts of oral cavity

A
  1. Lips
  2. Palates
  3. Tongue
  4. Teeth
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3
Q

4 main layers of GI

A
  1. Tunica mucosa
  2. Tunica submucosa
  3. Tunica muscularis
  4. Tunica serosa
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4
Q

Tunica mucosa aka?

A

Mucosal membranes

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5
Q

Tunica mucosa

A

Innermost layer

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6
Q

3 sublayers of tunica mucosa

A
  1. Epithelial lining
  2. Lamina propria
  3. Muscularis mucosae
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7
Q

Cells of epithelial lining

A

Stratified +/- keratin

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8
Q

Lamina propria is made of?

A

Loose CT

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9
Q

Muscularis mucosae is made of?

A

Smooth muscle

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10
Q

Tunica submucase consists of?

A
  1. Dense irregular CT
  2. Blood vessels
  3. Lymph vessels
  4. Nerve plexus (Miessner)
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11
Q

Miessner

A

Nerve plexus located in tunica submucosa

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12
Q

Tunica submucosa may contain?

A
  1. Glands

2. Lymphatic tissue

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13
Q

Tunica muscularis aka?

A

Muscularis externa

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14
Q

Tunica muscularis contains?

A

Inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle

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15
Q

CT between inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers of tunica muscularis contains?

A
  1. Blood vessels
  2. Lymph nodes
  3. Nerve plexus (myenteric)
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16
Q

Myenteric nerve plexus located?

A

Between inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of tunica muscularis

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17
Q

ENS stands for?

A

Enteric nervous system

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18
Q

What forms ENS?

A
  1. Miessner’s nerve plexus

2. Mysenteric nerve plexus

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19
Q

“Second brain” is the?

A

ENS

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20
Q

ENS has?

A

Autonomous function

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21
Q

ENS innervation

A

Some from ANS, but operates independently of brain and spinal cord

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22
Q

Tunica serosa

A

Thin layer of loose CT

Rich in blood vessels, lymph vessels and adipose tissue

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23
Q

Tunica serosa is covered by?

A

Mesothelium

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24
Q

Mesothelium cells

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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25
Q

Covering of intraperitoneal organs

A

Mesothelium

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26
Q

Covering of retroperitoneal organs

A

Tunica adventitia

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27
Q

Lips are?

A

Folds of fibroelastic and skeletal tissue at entrance to GI tract

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28
Q

3 surfaces of lips

A
  1. Skin
  2. Oral mucosa
  3. Muco-cutaneous junction
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29
Q

Lip skin cells

A

Stratified squamous +/- keratinization

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30
Q

Oral mucosa cells in pigs and carnivores

A

Non-keratinized

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31
Q

Oral mucosa cells in ruminants and horses

A

Keratinized

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32
Q

Core of lips has?

A

Skeletal muscle

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33
Q

Orbucluaris oris m.

A

Skeletal muscle in core of lips

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34
Q

2 types of palates

A
  1. Hard palate

2. Soft palate

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35
Q

What is hard palate?

A

Bony roof of mouth

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36
Q

Hard palate covered by?

A

Mucuosa (stratified squamous epithelium with keratin)

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37
Q

Hard palate texture

A

Ridged (rugae)

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38
Q

Dental pads

A

Thick keratin layer in hard palate of ruminants

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39
Q

Soft palate is?

A

Posterior fibrous and muscular extension of hard palate

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40
Q

Soft palate separates?

A

Oral cavity from nasopharynx

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41
Q

Tongue is?

A

Mass of striated muscle

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42
Q

Tongue fibers oriented?

A

All directions

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43
Q

Dorsal surface of tongue

A

Tonsils and papillae

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44
Q

Ventral surface of tongue

A

Typical mucosa

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45
Q

Lyssa is?

A

Cordlike structure extending along ventral midline of tongue

46
Q

Lyssa is well developed in?

A

Carnivores

47
Q

Lyssa consists of?

A
  1. Dense collagenous tissue
  2. Fat
  3. Skeletal m.
  4. Sometimes cartilage
48
Q

4 types of tongue papillae

A
  1. Filiform
  2. Fungiform
  3. Vallate
  4. Foliate
49
Q

Only non-gustatory papillae

A

Filiform

50
Q

Filiform papillae

A

Fairly small, cover most of surface

51
Q

Filiform papillae shape

A

Elongated conical

52
Q

Filiform papillae keratinization

A

Heavily keratinized

53
Q

Filiform papillae function

A

Provide friction to help move food

54
Q

Fungiform papillae

A

Larger, less common (interspersed among filiform p.)

55
Q

Fungiform papillae shape

A

Mushrom

56
Q

Funigofrm papillae keratinization

A

Lightly keratinized

57
Q

Taste buds on fungiform papillae

A

Few

58
Q

Foliate papillae

A

Several parallel ridges on each side of tongue

59
Q

Foliate papillae keratinization

A

Non-keratinized epithelium

60
Q

Foliate papillae shape

A

Leaf-shaped

61
Q

Taste buds on foliate papillae

A

Few

62
Q

Glands of foliate papillae

A

Gustatory

63
Q

Gustatory glands open into?

A

Sulcus of foliate and vallate papillae

64
Q

Gustator glands aka?

A

Ebner’s glands

65
Q

Foliate papillae are commonly seen in what animals?

A
  1. Rabbits

2. Hares

66
Q

Vallate papillae aka?

A

Circumvallate p.

67
Q

Largest papillae

A

Vallate papillae

68
Q

How are vallate papillae arranged?

A

8-12 arranged in pairs

69
Q

Vallate papillae shape

A

Round

70
Q

Vallate papillae are surrounded by?

A

Deep furrow (moat)

71
Q

Papillae with most taste buds?

A

Vallate papillae

72
Q

Vallate papillae glands

A

Gustatory glands

73
Q

Taste buds are?

A

Ovoid intraepithelial cell masses

74
Q

Taste buds extend from ? and open through?

A

Basement membrane → open through taste pore at surface

75
Q

3 taste bud cell types

A
  1. Sustenacular cells
  2. Gustator cells
  3. Basal cells
76
Q

All taste bud have?

A

Microvilli

77
Q

How are microvilli “taste hairs”?

A

Extend into taste pore

78
Q

If you hear sustenacular cells, you should think?

A

Supporting

79
Q

Basal cells are?

A

Germinal → can become sensory or gustatory

80
Q

Each taste bud has ___ cells?

A

50-100

81
Q

Taste buds detect 5 categories of tastans

A
  1. Salty
  2. Sour
  3. Sweet
  4. Bitter
  5. Umami
82
Q

What tastes salty?

A

Sodium ions

83
Q

What tastes soure?

A

Hydrogen ions from acids

84
Q

What tastes sweet?

A

Alkaloids and certain toxins

85
Q

What tastes bitter?

A

Alkaloids and certain toxins

86
Q

What taste umami?

A

AAs like glutamate

87
Q

Dogs can detect what tastants?

A
  1. Salt
  2. Sour
  3. Sweet
  4. Bitter
  5. Neutral (water)
88
Q

Brachy means?

A

Short

89
Q

Brachydont growth

A

No growth after completion of eruption

90
Q

Parts of brachydont

A
  1. Crown
  2. Neck
  3. Root
91
Q

Who has brachydont teeth?

A

Carnivores

92
Q

Hypso means?

A

Height

93
Q

Hypsodont gorwth

A

Continuously erupting → no definite crown, neck and rook

94
Q

Who has hysodont teeth?

A
  1. Ruminant cheek teeth
  2. All Equine
  3. Rodent incisor
  4. Canine teeth of pigs
  5. Elephant tusk
95
Q

Enamel hardness

A

Hardest part of human body

96
Q

Enamel consists of?

A

96% hydroxyapatite

97
Q

Any collagen in enamel?

A

No

98
Q

Enamel secreted by?

A

Ameloblasts

99
Q

Dentin hardness

A

Harder than bonde

100
Q

Dentin consists of?

A

70% hydroxyapatite

101
Q

Any collagen in dentin?

A

Type I

102
Q

Dentin secreted by?

A

Odontoblasts

103
Q

Cementum hardness

A

Resembles bone

104
Q

Cementum consists of?

A

45% hydroxyapatite

105
Q

Any collagen in cementum?

A

Type I

106
Q

Cementum secreted by?

A

Cementoblasts

107
Q

Dental calculus

A

Formed by plague accumulation

108
Q

Calculus aka?

A

Tarta

109
Q

Dental calculus can lead to?

A

Periodontal disease

110
Q

4 stages of tooth development

A
  1. Dental lamina
  2. Tooth bud
  3. Enamel organ
  4. Bell
111
Q

What is the dental lamina stage?

A

Oral epithelium invades underlying mesenchym of jaw as dental lamina

Microanatomy Exam 3 (10 decks)

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