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Microanatomy Exam 3 > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

1
Q

Keratinocytes aka?

A

Skin cells

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2
Q

Vascular supply for epidermis

A

Dermis

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3
Q

2 layers of dermis

A
  1. Papillary layer

2. Reticular layer

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4
Q

Papillary layer of dermis

A

Dermal ridges or papillae interdigitate with rete pegs of epidermis

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5
Q

5 layers of epidermis

A
  1. Stratum corneum
  2. Stratum lucidum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum spinosum
  5. Stratum basale
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6
Q

Where do nerve endings in the skin occur?

A
  1. Hypodermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Epidermis
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7
Q

Thickest layer of dermis

A

Reticular layer

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8
Q

What cells make up the bulk of the epidermis?

A

Keratinocyes

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9
Q

2 types of tumors arising from keratinocytes

A
  1. Squamous cell carcinoma

2. Basal cell carcinoma

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10
Q

3 types of epidermal cells other than keratinocytes

A
  1. Melanocytes
  2. Langerhan’s cells
  3. Merkel cells
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11
Q

Melanocytes are?

A

Pigment cells

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12
Q

Langerhan’s cells are?

A

Antigen-presenting cells

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13
Q

Merkel cells are derived from ____ and associated with?

A

Neural crest → associated with nerve endings in epidermis

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14
Q

Langerhan’s cells originates from?

A

Monocytes → migrate to epidermis

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15
Q

Function of Langerhan’s cells

A
  1. Phagocytize antigens
  2. Migrate to lymph nodes
  3. Present antigen to lymphocytes
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16
Q

Langerhan’s cells are located in?

A

Mainly in stratum spinosum but found throughout the epidermis and dermis

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17
Q

Melanocytes originate from?

A

Neural crest

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18
Q

Melanocytes produce?

A

Melanin

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19
Q

After melanin is produced by melanocytes, what happens?

A

Transferred to keratinocytes → shield nucleus

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20
Q

Melanoma is?

A

Melanocyte tumor

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21
Q

Modified keratinocyte in contact with a nerve ending is called?

A

Merkel cell

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22
Q

Merkel cells are found?

A

Basal layer of epidermis

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23
Q

4 types of skin glans

A
  1. Sebaceous glands
  2. Sweat glands
  3. Special glands (usually scent)
  4. Mammary glands
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24
Q

Sebaceous glands are associated with?

A

Hair follicles

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25
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A
  1. Apocrine

2. Merocrine

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26
Q

Which type of sweat gland empties into hair follicles?

A

Apocrine

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27
Q

Merocrine sweat glands can be found on what types of skin?

A

Hairy or non-hairy → do not empty to hair follicles

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28
Q

3 special skin glands in sheep

A
  1. Infraorbital
  2. Inguinal
  3. Interdigital
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29
Q

Special skin glands in goat

A

Glands near horn

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30
Q

2 special skin glands in cat

A
  1. Submental organ glands

2. Circumoral glands

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31
Q

Special skin gland found in both dog and cat

A

Supracaudal glands

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32
Q

Glands of anal region are in what 4 species?

A
  1. Dog
  2. Cat
  3. Ferret
  4. Skunk
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33
Q

Glands of anal sac do what type of secretion?

A

Merocrine

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34
Q

Hepatoid glands do what type of secretion?

A

Do not secrete

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35
Q

What is microscopic evidence of apocrine secretion?

A

Bubble-like blebs of cytoplasm at apical cell surface

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36
Q

Follicle is continuous with?

A

Epidermis of surface of skin

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37
Q

Shaft of hair protrudes from?

A

Surface of skin

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38
Q

The part of the hair embedded in the follicle is called?

A

Root of the hair

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39
Q

Parts of shaft of hair

A
  1. Cuticle
  2. Cortex (hard keratin)
  3. Medulla (in thick hair only)
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40
Q

Parts of root of hair

A
  1. Cuticle
  2. Cortex
  3. Medulla (+/-)
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41
Q

Expanded end of the root of hair is called?

A

Bulb

42
Q

Bulb of the root surrounds?

A

Dermal papilla

43
Q

4 layers of follicle

A
  1. Hair
  2. Inner root sheath
  3. Outer root sheath
  4. CT sheath
44
Q

Cuticle is the layer located?

A

Between hair and inner root sheath

45
Q

Inner root sheath doesn’t extend superficially beyond?

A

Opening of sebaceous glands

46
Q

Outer root sheath is continuous with?

A

Skin surface

47
Q

What is between outer root sheath and CT sheath?

A

Basement membrane

48
Q

Where do cells division occur during hair growth?

A

In the bulb, covering surface of dermal papilla

49
Q

During hair growth, cells at the tip of the papilla forms?

A

Medulla

50
Q

During hair growth, cells covering sides of papilla form?

A

Cortex

51
Q

During hair growth, cuticle and inner root sheath form from?

A

Cells at reflection of cells at base of papilla

52
Q

3 types of hairs

A
  1. Guard hairs
  2. Wool hairs
  3. Sensory hairs
53
Q

Principle hairs are also called?

A

Guard hairs

54
Q

Secondary hairs are also called?

A

Wool hairs

55
Q

Sensory hairs are also called?

A

Vibrissae

56
Q

Sensory hairs can be what two types?

A

Tactile or sinus

57
Q

Sensory hairs contain?

A
  1. Venous sinuses in CT sheath around hair root

2. Nerve endings in CT

58
Q

The venous sinus in a tactile hair divides which layer of the follicle into 2 layers?

A

CT sheath

59
Q

Hoof tissue is composed of?

A

Tubular and intertubularhorn

60
Q

How does hoof tissue grow?

A

Division of cells in stratum basale

61
Q

Stratum basale in the hoof is immediately adjacent to?

A

CT

62
Q

How does hoof tissue receive nutrition?

A

From underlying CT (dermis/corium)

63
Q

Dermis in the hoof is called?

A

Corium

64
Q

Main part of the hoof

A

Hoof wall

65
Q

Coronet

A

Junction of hoof wal with skin

66
Q

Periople

A

Thin, cuticle-like covering over hoof wall

67
Q

Bottom flat surface of hoof is called?

A

Sole

68
Q

White line is?

A

Junction of hoof wall and sole

69
Q

Frog of hoof is?

A

Wedge of tissue in center of ground surface of hof

70
Q

The term hoof refers to?

A

Epidermis

71
Q

Projections of corium

A

Laminae and papillae

72
Q

Blood and nerve supply to hoof is located in he?

A

Corium

73
Q

Major function of laminae and papillae

A

Increase surface area for attachment

74
Q

Dermal laminae function

A

Primary structure for adherence of hoof wall to foot

75
Q

Papillae function

A

Template for hoof wall, sole and frog tissue → cause dividing epidermis to form tubules and intertubular horn

76
Q

Laminae is found in?

A

Both hoof and dermis → interdigitate with each other

77
Q

Laminae are located at what surface of the hoof wall?

A

Deep surface

78
Q

2 divisions of laminae

A
  1. Primary

2. Secondary

79
Q

Which type of laminae is grossly visible?

A

Primary

80
Q

Secondary laminae is only present in?

A

Equidae

81
Q

Primary epidermal laminae is composed o?

A

Non-pigmented keratinized cells

82
Q

Primary epidermal laminae is connected to?

A

Inner surface of stratum medium

83
Q

Secondary epidermal laminae are attached to?

A

Primary laminae

84
Q

Secondary epidermal laminae are composed o?

A

Stratum basale and stratum spinosum

85
Q

Each primary lamina contains how many secondary laminae?

A

100-200

86
Q

3 layers of hoof wall

A
  1. Stratum externum
  2. Stratum medium
  3. Stratum internum
87
Q

Stratum externum is also called?

A

Stratum tectorium

88
Q

Periople is composed of what layer of hoof wal?

A

Stratum externum (tectorium)

89
Q

Stratum medium is?

A

Bulk of hoof wall

90
Q

Stratum medium grows from?

A

Cell division of epidermis in coronary region

91
Q

Stratum internum is also called?

A

Stratum lamellatum

92
Q

Epidermal laminae form from what hoof wall layer?

A

Stratum interum

93
Q

During growth of hoof wall, where does division occur?

A

In stratum basale where it covers corium of coronary band

94
Q

Division in the stratum basale at the coronary band forms?

A

Tubular and intertubular horn

95
Q

Rate of growth of hoof wall

A

1/4-1/2 inch per month

96
Q

Defecs at coronary region require how long to grow out completely (reach ground surface)?

A

8-12 months

97
Q

Laminitis is?

A

Separation of hoof wall from third phalanx

98
Q

Laminitis is usually due to loss of normal function of?

A

Laminae

99
Q

Epikeras refers to?

A

Bovine horn

100
Q

Rhino horn

A

Like horse hoof but grows directly from skin with no bony base

101
Q

Antlers are?

A

Bone covered by velvety skin

102
Q

Do antlers shed?

A

Annually

Microanatomy Exam 3 (10 decks)

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