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Microanatomy Exam 3 > Esophagus & Stomach > Flashcards

Esophagus & Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

Esophagus is?

A

Muscular tube modified for transport of food to and from stomach

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2
Q

Esophagus characteristics

A

Flexible and distensible

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3
Q

4 layers of esophagus

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis externa
  4. Adventitia
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4
Q

Cells of esophageal t. mucosa

A

Stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinized in carnivores)

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5
Q

2 layers of esophageal t. mucosa

A
  1. Lamina propria

2. Mucularis mucosa

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6
Q

Esophageal muscularis mucosa is composed of?

A

Smooth muscle fibers

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7
Q

Esophageal muscularis mucosa fibers run?

A

Parallel to tube

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8
Q

Submucosal glands are only found in?

A
  1. Esophagus

2. Duodenum

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9
Q

Esophageal t. muscularis consists of?

A

2 layers of skeletal muscle fibers

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10
Q

2 layers of esophageal t. muscularis

A
  1. Inner circular

2. Outher longitudinal

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11
Q

Muscularis mucosa in cervical region of esophagus

A

Absent

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12
Q

Functions of esophageal t. muscularis

A

Vomiting, regurgitation

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13
Q

Stomach digestion

A

Mechanical and chemical

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14
Q

Non-glandular region of stomach

A

Esophageal region

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15
Q

Glandular regions of stomach

A
  1. Cardia
  2. Fundus
  3. Pylorus
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16
Q

Cells of esophageal region of stomach

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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17
Q

Margo plicatus

A

Raised transitional line from non-glandular to glandular stomach

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18
Q

Non-glandular region in ruminants might be called?

A

Forestomach

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19
Q

Ruminant forestomach also called?

A

Proventriculus

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20
Q

3 parts of ruminant proventriculus

A
  1. Rumen
  2. Reticulum
  3. Omasum
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21
Q

Proventriculus cells

A

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

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22
Q

Rumen also called?

A

Paunch

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23
Q

Ruminal lumen

A
  1. Has conical papillae
  2. No muscular tissue carried into ruminal papillae
  3. Pillars and grooves (“shag carpet”)
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24
Q

Reticulum also called?

A

Honeycomb

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25
Q

How does reticulum form honeycomb pattern?

A

Tunica mucosa forms ridges covered with papillae

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26
Q

Reticular folds have?

A

Band of smooth m. at tip

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27
Q

Cells of reticulum

A

Stratified squamous epithelium with keratinization

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28
Q

Tunica mucosa in omasum forms?

A

Laminae (long folds)

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29
Q

Cardia

A

Transitional zone between esophagus nd stomach

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30
Q

Gastric acid is produced in what regions of stomach?

A
  1. Fundus

2. Body

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31
Q

Pylorus

A

Funnel shaped region open into SI

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32
Q

4 layers of glandular stomach

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis externa
  4. Serosa
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33
Q

Rugae of glandular stomach are formed by?

A

Mucosa and submucosa folds

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34
Q

Rugae of glandular stomach flattens when?

A

Stomach fills

35
Q

Mucosal epithelium of stomach

A

Simple columnar (mucus secreting)

36
Q

Gastric pits are?

A

Epithelium invaginations into lamina propria

37
Q

Cells lining surface of stomach mucosa are called?

A

Surface mucuous cells

38
Q

Gastric glands of mucosa open into?

A

Gastric pits

39
Q

Cells of cardiac region

A

Transition from stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium

40
Q

Gastric glands of cardiac region are usualy lined by?

A

Mucus-secreting cells

41
Q

Depth of gastric pits in cardiac region

A

1/3rd of entire lamina propria (medium depth)

42
Q

Depth of gastric pits in fundic region

43
Q

4 parts of gastric (fundic) gland

A
  1. Isthmus
  2. Neck
  3. Body
  4. Base
44
Q

Isthmus of gastric gland

A

Opening of gland into pit above it

45
Q

Neck of gastric gland

A

Constricted area near isthmus

46
Q

Body of gastric gland

47
Q

Base of gastric gland

A

Dilated adenomere

48
Q

5 types of cells in fundic glands

A
  1. Chief (zymogen) cels
  2. Parietal (oxyntic) cells
  3. Mucus neck cells
  4. Enteroendocrine cells
  5. Germinal cells
49
Q

Chief cells are most numerous where?

A

Lower regions of gland

50
Q

Chief cell appearance

A

Foamy/lacy

Stain light blue with H&E

51
Q

Chief cell shape

A

Pyramidal

Basally positioned round nucleus

52
Q

Secretory/zymogen granules in chief cells

A
  1. Apically positioned

2. Present in fasted animals

53
Q

Chief cells secrete?

A
  1. Pepsinogen
  2. Gastric lipase
  3. Renin in young animals
54
Q

Pepsinogen is converted to?

55
Q

Pepsin is?

A

Proteolytic enzyme in acidic environment

56
Q

Renin in young animals

A

Curdles milk by coagulating casein

57
Q

Parietal cells aka?

A

Oxyntic cells

58
Q

Parietal cell cytoplasm

A

Bright-staining eosinophilic

59
Q

Parietal cell shape

A

Large, spheroidal with round nucleus

60
Q

Parietal cells are found where?

A

Scattered throughout gastric glands from neck to base, wedged between chief cells

61
Q

Parietal cells produce?

62
Q

Parietal cells are stimulated to produce HCl by?

A
  1. Cholinergic nerve endings
  2. Gastrin
  3. Histamine
63
Q

Parietal cells contains?

A

Intracellular canalicula → extend from apical plasmalemma into cytoplasm

64
Q

Intracellular canaliculi or parietal cells are occluded by?

A

Many microvilli

65
Q

Mucus neck cells?

A

Line neck of gastric gland

66
Q

Mucus neck cells are interspersed among?

A

Parietal cells

67
Q

How is mucoid product of mucus neck cells different than that of surface mucus cells?

A
  1. Less viscous

2. Contain acidic GAGs

68
Q

GAG stands for?

A

Glycosaminoglycan

69
Q

Function of mucuous from mucus neck cells?

A

Protection from hydrolytic activity of HCl

70
Q

What are enteroendocrine cells?

A

Endocrine/paracrine cells within enteric epithelium

71
Q

Old name of enteroendocrine cells

72
Q

APUD stands for?

A

Amine Precursor Uptake and Decarboxylation activity

73
Q

DNES stands for?

A

Diffus neuroendocrine system

74
Q

Eneroendocrine cells are not limited to the GI but scattered all over the body among endothelial cells, so they are referred to as?

75
Q

Enteroendocrine cells stain with silver and chromium stains so they are also referred to as?

A
  1. Argentaffin cells

2. Enterochromaffin cells

76
Q

Examples of enteroendocrine cells

A
  1. G cells
  2. D cells
  3. EC cells
77
Q

G cells secrete?

78
Q

D cels secrete?

A

Somatostatin

79
Q

EC cells secrete?

A
  1. Seratonin

2. Substance P

80
Q

Germinal cells are found in?

A

Gland neck and bottom of pits

81
Q

Length of gastric pits in pyloric region

A

1/2 of lamina propria (deepest)

82
Q

Deepest gastric pits are found in?

A

Pyloric region

83
Q

How are gastric pits of pyloric region histologically similar to cardiac gland region?

A
  1. Mucus secreting cells

2. Gastrin enteroendocrine cells

84
Q

Pyloric region contains?

A

Muscular sphincter at gastroduodenal junction

Microanatomy Exam 3 (10 decks)

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