Lymphatic System

Question 1

What are the three functions of the Lymphatic System?

Answer 1

• Fluid Balance
• Fat Absorption
• Defense

Question 2

How does the lymphatic system regulate fluid balance?

Answer 2

Excess interstitial fluid enters lymphatic capillaries and becomes lymph. Small lymphatic vessels are embedded in our tissues and drains fluid to prevent swelling.

Question 3

How does the lymphatic system regulate fat absorption?

Answer 3

Fat is absorbed from small intestines via a special lymph vessel called lacteals.

Question 4

How does the lymphatic system help with the bodies defense system?

Answer 4

Microorganisms and other foreign substances are filtered from lymph by lymph nodes and from blood by the spleen. Lymphocytes are the major players.

Question 5

What is the composition of lymph?

Answer 5

Water plus solutes from nutrients, gases, cells and proteins.

Question 6

How does lymph get its milky appearance?

Answer 6

It gets this appearance due to its lipid content.

Question 7

Where does lymph end up once it drains fluid?

Answer 7

It drains into the circulatory system.

Question 8

What is the similarity between lymphatic vessels and veins?

Answer 8

Lymphatic vessels start from capillaries and they carry fluid away from tissues and they also contain valves.

Question 9

In what direction does lymphatic vessels carry lymph?

Answer 9

Carries lymph away from tissues.

Question 10

What are the names of the 5 lymphatic trunks?

Answer 10

Jugular, Subclavian, Bronchomediastinal, Intestinal, Lumbar

Lymph trunks drain into lymph ducts.

Question 11

What are the two lymph ducts and there function?

Answer 11

They drain tissues and move lymph into major veins.

Right Lymphatic Duct: Drains right side of head, right upper limbs and right thorax.

Thoracic Duct: Drains remainder of body.

Question 12

Which Lymphatic Duct is the largest?

Answer 12

Thoracic Duct because it drains the lower body tissues and the left side body tissues.

Question 13

What is the path of lymph?

Answer 13

Lymphatic capillaries leave tissues draining fluid –> They pass through lymph nodes –> Lymphatic Vessels –> Form Lymphatic Trunks –> Form Lymphatic Ducts

Question 14

What is the function of lymphocytes?

Answer 14

White blood cells derived from bone marrow, and attack pathogens that may be entering the lymph.

Question 15

What is the function of Fine Collagen Reticular Fibers in the lymphatic tissue?

Answer 15

Act as a filter to trap pathogens so lymphocytes can deal with them.

Question 16

What are the two types of lymphatic tissue?

Answer 16

Encapsulated (surrounded by a capsule) and Unencapsulated.

Question 17

What are tonsils?

Answer 17

Large groups of lymphatic nodules in the naso-pharynx and oral cavity

Question 18

What is the function of tonsils?

Answer 18

They provide protection against bacteria and other harmful material.

Question 19

What are the three groups of tonsils?

Answer 19

Palatine

Pharyngeal

Lingual

Question 20

What is the role of lymph nodes?

Answer 20

To filter lymph and eliminate pathogens

Question 21

What are the two parts of the vessels that pass through the lymph nodes?

Answer 21

Afferent: Carry lymph to the lymph node to be filtered

Efferent: Carry lymph away from lymph node after it’s been filtered.

Question 22

What is the while pulp of the spleen?

Answer 22

Associated with arteries

Question 23

What is the red pulp of the spleen?

Answer 23

Associated with veins

Question 24

What is the function of the spleen?

Answer 24

Destroys defective RBC’s

Detects and responds to foreign substances

Contains limited reservoir for blood and has ability to contract during extreme blood loss to keep organism alive.

Question 25

What are the major parts of the thymus?

Answer 25

Cortex: Outer, contains numerous lymphocytes

Medulla: Inner, contains few lymphocytes

Question 26

What is the role of the thymus?

Answer 26

It is the site of maturation of T cells.

Question 27

What is the definition of immunity?

Answer 27

Ability to resist damage from foreign substances such as microorganisms and harmful chemicals.

Question 28

What are the two categories of immunity?

Answer 28

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Question 29

Describe innate immunity

Answer 29

Mechanical Mechanisms prevent entry of microbes.

Chemical Mediators promote phagocytosis

Inflammatory Response: local and systemic.

Question 30

Describe adaptive immunity

Answer 30

B and T cells are involved in the response.

Specificity: Ability to recognize a particular substance.

Memory: Ability to remember previous encounters with a particular substance and respond rapidly.

Question 31

Where are Pre-B and Pre-T cells formed?

Answer 31

They originate from red bone marrow

Question 32

Where do Pre-B cells mature?

Answer 32

In the red bone marrow before they are released into the blood.

Question 33

Where do Pre-T cells mature?

Answer 33

In the thymus then move into the blood.

Question 34

What do B and T cells do after they migrate into the blood?

Answer 34

They populate all lymphtic tissues and respond to infections.

Question 35

What are the mechanical mechanisms of the immune system?

Answer 35

Skin, mucous membranes block foreign bodies.

Tears, saliva, and urine flush out bacteria.

Cilia in the respiratory tract.