Chapter 21 - Digestive System Flashcards
What structures make up the “GI Tract?”
Stomach and Instestines
What organs and openings make up the Digestive System?
Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Instestine, Anus
What is the word to describe the introduction of food into the stomach?
Ingestion
What is mastication?
Chewing, mechanically breaking down food
What is propulsion?
The movement of the food through the GIT.
What is the word to describe moving the bolus from the oral cavity to the esophagus.
Deglutition
What is peristalsis?
Movement of material through the digestive tract.
What are the two waves of peristalsis?
Wave of relaxation: Muscle relaxes in front of the bolus.
Wave of contraction: Muscle contracts behind the bolus to move it forward.
What components help with secretion?
Mucus, water, bile, and enzymes.
What is digestion?
The mechanical and chemical breakdown.
What is absorption?
Movement from tract into the circulation or the lymph.
What is the name of the process of removing waste products from the body?
Elimination
What are the 4 layers of the digestive tract tissue?
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa
What are the 3 sublayers of the mucosa?
Mucous Epithelium
Lamina Propria
Muscularis Mucosae
What are the two layers of smooth muscle fibers found in the muscularis tunic of the Digestive Tract ?
Circular
Longitudinal
What membrane lines the abdominal cavity and its organs?
Peritoneum
What are the two types of peritoneum?
Visceral peritoneum
Parietal peritoneum
What are the functions of the lips and the cheeks?
Important in mastication and speech.
Describe the two types of muscles of the tongue?
Intrinsic Muscles: Change shape of tongue
Extrinsic Muscles: Protrude and retract tongue and move it side to side.
What is the tissue that attach the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity?
Lingual frenulum
What is the role of the tongue?
Moves food in mouth and participates in speech and swallowing.
What are the two sets of teeth?
Deciduous: “baby teeth”
Permanent: adult teeth that replace baby teeth between 5-11 years.
What are the 4 types of teeth?
Incisors, canines, premolars and molars.
Where are the anatomical crown and clinical crown?
Anatomic crown: Enamel-covered part of tooth.
Clinical Crown: Section of tooth above gum line
What is the name of the enameled part of the tooth beneath the gum line?
Neck
What structure is responsible for holding the tooth in the socket?
Periodontal Ligaments