Lungs volume and sounds Flashcards
1
Q
auscultation of lung sounds
A
- plcae the diaphragm of tehstethoscope in firm contact with the pt’s unclothed chest wall
- start at the apices and work downward, comparing symmterical points sequentially
- have the patient breathe in and out through the mouth, a little deeper than normal
- listen to at least one cycle of ins[iration and expiration in each pulmonary segment
2
Q
tracheal and bronchial sounds
A
- loud tubular sounds normally heard over the trachea
- inspiratory phase is shorter than the expiratory phase and there is a slight pause between them
3
Q
abnormal bronchial sounds
A
- heard over distal airways are abnormal and represent consolidation or compression of lung tissue that faciliates transmission of sound
4
Q
vesicular breath sounds
A
- high pitched, breezy sounds normally heard over the distal airways in healthy lung tissue
- inspiratory phase is longer than expiratory phase and there is no pause between them
5
Q
adventitious breath sounds
A
- abnormal breath sounds heard with inspiration and/or expiration that can be continuous of discontinuous
6
Q
crackle (formerly rales)
A
- abnormal, discontinuous high pitched popping sound heard more often during inspiration
- may be associated with restrictive or obstructive respiratory disorders
- often heard in teh bases of lungs with interstitial lung disease, atelectasis pneumonia, bronchiectasis and pulmonary edema
- pulmonary edema may produce fine crackles as air bubbles through fluid in the distal small airways
7
Q
crackles in later half of inspiration
A
- typically represent atelectasis, fibrosis pulmonary edema or pleural effusion.
8
Q
crackles due to movement of secretion
A
- usually low-pitched and can be heard during inspiration and/or expiration like the sounds of hair being rubbed togetehr between the thumb and forefinger
9
Q
pleural friction rub
A
- dry crackling sound heard during both inspiration and expiration
- occurs when inflamed visceral and parietal pleurae rub together
- heard over the spot where the patient feels pleuritic pain
10
Q
Rhonchi
A
- continuous low-pitched sounds described as having a “snoring” or “gurgling” quality that may be heard during both inspiration and expiration
- caused by air passing through an airway which is obstructed by inflammatory secretions or liquid, bronchial spasm or neoplpasms in teh smaller or larger airways
11
Q
stridor
A
- continuous high-pitched wheeze heard with inspiration or expiration
- indicated upper airway obstruction
12
Q
wheeze
A
- continuous “musical” or whistling sound composed of a variety of pitches
- heard during both inspiration and/or expiration, but variable from minute to minute and area to area
- arise from turbulent airflow and teh vibrations of the walls of small airways due to narrowing by bronchospasm, edema, collapse, secretions, neoplasm or foreign body
13
Q
bronchial breath sounds
A
- abnormal breath sounds when heard in locations where vesicular sounds are normally present
- pneumonia may produce these sounds
14
Q
decreased or diminished sounds
A
- a less audible sound may indicate severe congestion, emphysema or hypoventilation
15
Q
absent breath sounds
A
- absent lung sounds may indicate pneumothora or lung collapse
