Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiopulmonary system content app > Cardiopulmonary Pharmacology > Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Alpha Adrenergic agents

  • Action
  • Indication
  • Side effect
  • implication for PT
  • examples
A
  • Alpha Adrenergic antagonist agents reduce peripheral vascular tone by blocking alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. this action causes dilation of arterioles and veins and decreases blood pressure
  • indication: hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • side effect: dizziness, palpitations, orthostatic hypotension, drowsiness
  • implications: use caution when rising from a sitting or lying position due to the risk of dizziness and/or orthostatic hypotension. closely monitor patient during exercise
  • example: cardura, minipress, hytrin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme ACE Inhibitor Agents

  • Action
  • Indication
  • Side effect
  • implication for PT
  • examples
A
  • -Action: ACE inhibitor agents decrease blood pressure and afterload by suppressing the enzyme that converts angiotension I too angiotensin II
  • Indication: hypertension, congestive heart failure
  • Side effect: hypotension, dizziness, dry cough, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia
  • implication for PT: Avoid sudden changes in posture due to the risk of dizziness and fainting from hypotension. Pt with heary failure should avoid rapid increases in physical activity
  • examples: Capoten, vasotec, Prinvil, altace
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Angiotensin II receptor antagonist agents

  • Action
  • Indication
  • Side effect
  • implication for PT
  • examples
A
  • Action: block angiotensin II receptors which limit vasoconstriction and stimulation of vascular tissue
  • Indication: hypertension, congestive heart failure
  • Side effect: dizziness, back and leg pain, angina pectoris
  • implication for PT: Minimal implications for PT
  • examples: COzaar, Atacand. Diovan
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4 classes for Antiarrhythmic Agents

A
  • Class I sodium channel blockes
  • CLass II beta blockers
  • class III: potassium channel blockers
  • Class IV: calcium channel blockers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CLass I antiarrhythmic agents

A

-Sodium channel blockers control cardiac excitation and conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Class II antiarrhythmic agents

A
  • beta blockers- inhibit sympathetic activity by blocking B- adrenergic receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Class III antiarrhythmic agents

A
  • potassium channel blockers
  • prolong repolaarization by inhibiting both postassium and sodium channels and are often considered the most effective antiarrhythmic agents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Class IV antiarrhythmic agents

A
  • clacium channel blockers

- depress depolarization and slow conduction through the AV node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

antiarrhythmic agents

  • Indication
  • Side effect
  • implication for PT
A

]-Indication: cardiac arrhythmias

  • Side effect: Unique to the specific antiarrhythmic agent; exacerbation of cardiac arrhythmias, dizziness hypotension
  • implication for PT: Encourage pt to adhere to teh prescribed dosing schedule and immediately report any adverse reactions to a healthcare professional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anticoagulant agents

  • Action
  • Indication
  • Side effect
  • implication for PT
  • examples
A
  • -Action: inhibit platelet aggregation and thrmobus formation
  • Indication: post percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass graft surgery, prevention of venous thromboembolism and cardioembolic events in pt with atrial fib and prosthetic heat valves
  • Side effect: Hemorrhage, incr risk of bleeding, gastrointestinal distress with oral medication
  • implication for PT: PT must be careful to avoid injury secondary to the risk of excessive bleeding or bruising. Pt education regarding common side effects is also indicated to protect the pt
  • examples: heparin, coumadin (warfarin) , lovenox,
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Antihyperlipidemia Agents

  • Action
  • Indication
  • Side effect
  • implication for PT
  • examples
A
  • Action: the most commonly used drugs, the statins, inhibit enzyme action in cholesterol synthesis, break down low density lipoproteins decrease triglyceride levels, and increase HDL levels. the other categories are bile acid sequestrants, nicotinic acid, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, and fibric acid derivatives
  • Indication: hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, prevent coronary events in patients with existing coronary disease, diabetes or PVD

-Side effect: HA, gastrointestinal distress, myalgia, rash

  • implication for PT: Aerobic exercise can increase high density liporpoteins and maximize teh effects of drug therapy
  • examples: lipitor, Zocor, Tricor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Antithrombotic Agents

  • Action
  • Indication
  • Side effect
  • implication for PT
  • examples
A
  • Action: antithrombotic agnets inhibit platelet aggregation and clot formation
  • Indication: post-myocardial infarction, atrial fib, prevent aterial thrombus formation
  • Side effect: hemorrhage thrombocytopenia, potential liver toxicity with the use of aspirin, gastrointestinal distress
  • implication for PT: PT must be careful to avoid injury secondary to the risk of excessive bleeding. Pt education regarding common side effects is also indicated to protect the patient
  • examples: Bayer (aspirin), Plavix, persantine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Beta blocker agents

  • Action
  • Indication
  • Side effect
  • implication for PT
  • examples
A
  • Action: decrease the myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing HR and contractility by blocking B- adrenergic receptors
  • Indication: hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, heart failure, migraines, essential tremor
  • Side effect: bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, fatigue, depression, dizziness, weakness, blurred vision
  • implication for PT: HR and blood pressure response to exercise will be diminished. rate of perceived exertion may be used to monitor exercise intensity. closely monitor pt during positional changes due to an increased risk for orthostatic hypotension

-examples: tenormin,, lopressor, inderal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Calcium channel blocker

  • Action
  • Indication
  • Side effect
  • implication for PT
  • examples
A
  • Action: decrease the entry of calcium into vascular smooth muscle cells resulting in diminished myocardial contraction, vasodilation and decr oxygen demand of the heart
  • Indication: hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, congestive heat failure

-Side effect: dizzness, HA, hypotension, peripheral edema

  • implication for PT: HR and BP response to exercise will be diminished. monitor pt closely when moving to an upright position secondary to dizziness and/or orthostatic hypotension. observe the pt for signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure such as worsening peripheral edema, dyspnea, or weight gain
  • examples: norvasc, procardia, calan, cardizem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diuretic Agents

  • Action
  • Indication
  • Side effect
  • implication for PT
  • examples
A
  • Action: increase teh excretion of sodium and urine. this causes a reduction in plasma volume which decreases blood pressure. classifications include thiazide, loop, and potassium sparing agents
  • Indication: hypertension, edema associated with heart failure, pulmonary edema, glaucoma
  • Side effect: dehydration, hypotension, electrolyte imbalance, polyuria, increased low-density liproproteins, arrhythmias
  • implication for PT: Positioning changes can increase the risk of dizziness and falls due to decr BP. monitor pt closely for S/S of electrolyte imbalance and muscle weakness or cramping
  • examples: thiazide: diuril; loop:lasix; potassium sparing: dyrenium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nitrate agents

  • Action
  • Indication
  • Side effect
  • implication for PT
  • examples
A
  • Action: Nitrate agents decrease ischemia through smooth musle relaxation and dilation of peripheral vessels
  • Indication: angina pectoris
  • Side effect: HA, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, nausea, vomiting
  • implication for PT: pt must be educated to come to a standing position slowly to minimize the risk of orthostatic hypotension. sublingual administration of nitroglycerin is the preferred method to treat an acute angina attack
  • examples: nitrostat, isordil, amyl nitrite solution for inhalation
17
Q

Positive Inotropic Agents

  • Action
  • Indication
  • Side effect
  • implication for PT
  • examples
A

-Action: Positive inotropic agents increase the fore and velocity of myocardial contraction, slow the HR, decrease conduction velocity through the AV node and decrease teh degree of activation of teh sympathetic nervous system

  • Indication: Heart failure, a-fib
  • Side effect: cardiac arrhhythmias gastrointestinal distress, dizziness, blurred vision
  • implication for PT: Therapist should monitor HR during activity, teach the patient and family to take teh patient’s pulse, and seek healthcare provider’s advice for rates less than 60 bpm or more than 100 bpm
  • examples: lanoxin
18
Q

thrombolytic agents

  • Action
  • Indication
  • Side effect
  • implication for PT
  • examples
A
  • -Action: facilitate clot dissolution through conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin breaks down clots and allows occluded vessels to reopen to maintain blood flow
  • Indication: acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, ischemic stroke, arterial or venous thrombosis
  • Side effect: hemorrhage, allergic reaction, cardiac arrhythmia
  • implication for PT: PT must be careful to avoid situations that may cause trauma due to altered clotting activity
  • examples: Kinlytic, activase
19
Q

antihistamine agents

  • Action
  • Indication
  • Side effect
  • implication for PT
  • examples
A
  • Action: block the effects of histamine resulting in a decr in nasal congetsion, mucosal irritation, and symptoms of the common cold, sinusitis, conjuctivitis and allergies
  • Indication: respiratory seasonal allergies, rhinitis and sneezing from the common cold, allergic conjuctivitis, motion sickness and parkinson’s disease
  • Side effect: arrhythmias, postural hypotension, gastointestinal distress, dizziness, drowsiness, HA, blurred vision, fatigue, nausea, thickening of bronchial secretions
  • implication for PT: increase guarding when rising from a sitting o rlying position due to the risk of orthostatic hypotension. closley monitor patient during exercise
  • examples: neadryl, allegra, zyrtec, claritin
20
Q

anti-inflammatory agent

  • Action
  • Indication
  • implication for PT
  • examples
A
  • Action: help prevent inflammatory- mediated bronchoconstriction by inhibiting production of inflammatory cells, suppressing release of inflammatory mediators and revsing capillary permeability, in turn reducing airway edema
  • Indication: bronchospasm , asthma
  • implication for PT: instruct the patients in the correct use of the inhaler and to rinse their mouth with water after use to avoid irritation of local mucosa.
  • examples: corticosteroid, pulmicort, aerobid, nasalcrom
21
Q

bronchodilator agents

  • Action
  • Indication
  • Side effect
  • implication for PT
  • examples
A
  • Action: relieve bronchospasm by stimulating the receptors that cause bronchial smooth muscle relaxation or by blocking the receptors that trigger bronchoconstriction. primary classifications of bronchodilators include anticholinergic, sympathomimetics, and xanthine derivatives
  • Indication: bronchospasm, wheezing and SOB in asthma and COPD
  • Side effect:paradoxical bronchospasm, dry mouth, GI distress, chest pain, palpitation, tremor
  • implication for PT: should advise pt to take their bronchodilator medication as prescribed before therapy and to bring theri short acting sympathomimetics with them. cardiac or vision abnormalities may indicate toxicity and the physician should be notified immediately
  • examples: anticholinergic, spiriva;
22
Q

expectorant agents

  • Action
  • Indication
  • Side effect
  • implication for PT
  • examples
A
  • Action: increase respiratory secretions which help loosen mucus. reducing teh viscosity of secretions and increasing sputum volume improves the efficiency of teh cough reflex and of ciliary action in removing accumulated secretions
  • Indication: cough associated with respirtaory tract infections and related conditions such as sinusitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis and asthma when complicated by tenacious mucus or mucus plugs and congestion
  • Side effect: GI distress, drowsiness
  • implication for PT: PT can exploit the effects of expectorant agents by performing airway clearance interventions within one hour after drug administration. PT should encourage the patient to take the medictaion with a glass of water
  • examples: mucinex
23
Q

Mucolytic agents

  • Action
  • Indication
  • Side effect
  • implication for PT
  • examples
A
  • Action: decrease the viscosity of mucus secretions by altering their composition and consistency, making then easier to expectorate. they are administered by a nebulizer
  • Indication: viscous mucus secretions due to pneumonia, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and cystic fibrosis
  • Side effect: pharyngitis, oral mucosa, inflammation, rhinitis, chest pain
  • implication for PT: PT can exploit the effects of mucolytic agents by performing airway clearance interventions within one hour after drug administration. Pt shoudl be instructed in the proper use and maintenance of the nebulizer and compressor system used in its delivery
  • examples: pulmozyme, mucosil
24
Q

Digitalis

A

For CHF, and arrhythmia
Strengthens heart beat by increasing Ca in cells

In ECG depresses STsegment, flattens or inverts TWave

25
Q

Quinidine

A

can treat certain kinds of irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias).

On ECG QT lengthens, T wave flattens or inverts

Cardiopulmonary system content app (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions