Heart and vascular procedures

Question 1

atherectomy

Answer 1

• surgical procedure similar to angioplasty ecept that the cathere has a rotating shaver to cut away plaque from the artery and increase blood flow

Question 2

automatic implantable cardioverter- defibrillator AICD

Answer 2

• surgically implanted device similar to a pacemaker that continuously monitors the heart rhythm and delivers electrical shocks to restore a normal heart rhythm when necessary

Question 3

balloon angioplasty

Answer 3

• angioplasty involves temporarily inserting a small balloon-tipped catheter into a stenoic artery and expanding the balloon at the site of blockage to help widen a narrowed artery
• angioplasty is usually combined with implantation of a small metal coil called a stent in the narrowed artery to help prop it open and decrease the chance of restenosis

Question 4

Balloon valvulopasty

Answer 4

• surgical procedure uses cardiac catheterization to treat stenotic heart valves
• a ballon-tipped catheter is threaded through the veins to the faulty heart valve, then inflated to open the narrowed valve and increase blood flow

Question 5

cardiac ablation

Answer 5

• surgical procedure that uses radio freq or chemical to destroy areas of the myocardium that have been identified by electrophysiologic testing to be causing cardiac arrhythmias.
• ablation is an option for patients with tachyarrhythmias that cannot be controlled by medication or who have arrhythmias that response well to ablation, such as Wolff-Parkinson-white syndrome

Question 6

Cardiac pacemaker

Answer 6

• pacemaker is a surgically implanted battery-powered device placed under the skin, usually in the left anterior chest wall
• pacemaker are a standard treatment for conditions affecting the electrical conduction system including a slow HR and arhythmias
• by preventing a slow HR, pacemakers can treat fatigue, lightheadedness and fainting
• pacemakers modes and functions are described by a 5-position format knwon as the NBG code

Question 7

Cardioversion

Answer 7

• performed to restore a normal heart rhythm for tachyarrhythmias that do not respond to medication
• electrical shocks are delivered by defibrillator through electrodes on the chest

Question 8

Coronary Arteyr bypass graft surgery

Answer 8

• CABG- surgery is performed to treat coronary arteries that are narrowed or occluded in an attempt to revascularize the myocardium
• in this procedure, blood is rerouted around the affected artery joining the patient’s own saphenous vein, internal thoracic/mammary artery, or radial artery to connect the affected artery above and below the occlusion

Question 9

Enhanced extracorporeal counterpulsation EECP

Answer 9

• noninvasive procesure in which inflation of pressure cuffs on the lower extremities compresses the veins and assissts with venous return to the heart

Question 10

heart transplant

Answer 10

• surgical procedure in which a failing, diseased heart is replaced with a healthier donor heart
• a heart transplant is reserved for patients with end-stage heart failure for whom othe rtreatments have not been successful

Question 11

intra-aortic Balloon Counterpulsion IABP

Answer 11

• inflation and deflation of a balloon surgically placed in the aorta provides circulatory assistance for patients after infarction or with cardiogenic shock

Question 12

valve replacements

Answer 12

• surgical procedure in which a prosthetic valve is implanted in the heart to replace a leaky or narrowed heart valve
• prosthetic valve may be wither mechanical or tissue grafts from the same patient a cadaver or a pig

Question 13

ventricular assist devices VAD

• -RVAD
• -LVAD
• -BiVAD

Answer 13

• miniature pump that is implanted in the chest to provide mechanical support to the ventricle.
• RVAD a right ventricle device attaches to the right atrium and pulmonary artery, bypassing the right ventricle
• LVAD attaches to the left atrium, bypassing the left ventricle
• BiVAD both ventricles are bypassed
• VADs are commonly used as a temporary treatment for people waiting for a heart transplant and increasingly as a permanent treatment for heart failure