Heart anatomy

Question 1

Aorta

Answer 1

• the body’s largest artery and the central conduit of blood from the heart to the body.
• the aorta begins at the upper part of teh left ventricl and after ascending for a short distance arches backwars and to the left
• it the descends within the thorax and passes into the abdominal cavity

Question 2

• Inferior Vena cava

Answer 2

• the vein that returns venous blood from the lower body and viscera to the right atrium

Question 3

pulmonary arteries

Answer 3

• the arteries that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricles to the left and right lungs

Question 4

pulmonary veins

Answer 4

-the veins that carry oxygenated blood from teh right and left lungs to the left atrium

Question 5

superior vena cava

Answer 5

• the vein that returns venous blood from the head, neck and arms to the right atrium

Question 6

Right atrium

Answer 6

-receives venous blood from the superior and inferior vena cava

Question 7

right ventricle

Answer 7

• receives venous blood from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve
• pushes blood into the pulmonary artery and pulmonary circulation

Question 8

left atrium

Answer 8

• receives arterial blood from the pulmonary veins

Question 9

left ventricles

Answer 9

• receives blood from the left atrium. pushes blood into the aorta and the systemic circulation

Question 10

tricuspid valve

Answer 10

• prevents right ventricular blood from going back into the right atrium

Question 11

pulmonary valve

Answer 11

• prevents blood from returning to the righht ventricle

Question 12

mitral valve

Answer 12

• prevents left ventricular blood from returning to the left atrium

Question 13

aortic valve

Answer 13

• prevents the systemic blood from returning to the left ventricle

Question 14

atrioventricular valves

Answer 14

• blood from each atria flows to each ventricle through these valves
• the valves close upon ventricular contraction to avoid backflow

Question 15

list the four designated heart ausculatory areas

Answer 15

• aortic area- 2nd intercostal space at the right sternal border
• pulmonic area- 2nd intercostal space at the eft sternal border
• mitral area- 5th intercostal space, medial to the left midclavicular line
• tricuspid area- 4th intercoastal space at the left sternal border

Question 16

S1 Lub

Answer 16

• 1st heart sound- closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the onset of ventricular systole
• high freq sound with lower pitch and longer duration than S2

Question 17

S2 Dub

Answer 17

• 2nd heart sound- closure of the aortic and pulmonic (semilunar) valves at the onset of ventricular diastole
• high freq sound with higher pitch and shorter duration than S1

Question 18

S3

Answer 18

• 3rd heart sound - vibrations of the distended ventricle walls due to passive flow of blood from the atria during the rapid filling phase of diastole
• normal in healthy young children; termed “physiologic” 3rd heart sound
• abnormal in adults; may be associated with heart failure; often called”ventricular gallop”

Question 19

S4

Answer 19

• 4th heart sound- pathological sound of vibration of the ventricular wall with ventricular filling and atrial contraction
• May be associated with hypertension, stenosis, hypertensive heart disease or myocardial infarction; often called an “atrial gallop”

Question 20

murmurs

Answer 20

• heart murmurs are vibrations of longer duration than the heart sounds and are often due to disruption of blood flow past a stenotic or regugitation valve; the sounds are variably described as soft, blowing or swishing
• When the leaflets of the heart valves are thickened, the forward flow of blood is restricted; when the leaflets lose competency and fail to close tightly, blood can flow backwards (regurgitation)