Laboratory test values Flashcards
test for arterial blood gas
- collected to evaluate acid-base status (pH), ventilation (PaCO2) and oxygenation of arterial blood (PaO2). the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood PaO2 and teh percent oxygen saturation of hemoglobin SaO2 provide information about how well the lungs are functioning to oxygenate the blood
pH
- blood pH is tighly regulated as an imbalance in either direction can affect the nervous system and can cause convulsions or coma
- 7.4 (7.35-7.45)
PaCO2
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood provides information on how well the lungs are able to remove carbon dioxide
-changes in PaCO2 directly affect the balance of pH in the body
- 40 mmHg at sea level breathing ambient air (35-45 mmHg)
PaO2 and SaO2
the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood PaO2 and teh percent oxygen saturation of hemoglobin SaO2 provide information about how well the lungs are functioning to oxygenate the blood
PaO2: 97 mmHg at sea level breathing ambient air (80-100 mmHg)
SaO2: 95-98%
HCO3-
bicarbonate is an important component of the chemical buffering system that keeps the blood from becoming too acidic or basic and is often part of an ABG test
54mEq/L( 22-26)
order ABG results are written
- pH- PaCO2– PaO2– HCO3-
acidemia
elevated acidity of blood <7.35
alkalemia
decreased acidity of blood >7.45
Eucapnia
- normal level of CO2 in arterial blood
35-45 mmHg
Hypercapnia
-elevated level of CO2 in arterial blood (PaCO2 >45 mmHg)
hypocapnia
- low level of CO2 in arterial blood (PaO2 <80mmHg)
hypoxemia
- low level of O2 in arterial blood (PaO2<80 mmHg)
mild hypoxemia:
- PaO2 60-79 mmHG
moderate hypoxemia
- PaO2 40-59 mmHg
severe hypoxemia
-PaO2 <40 mmHg
hypoxia
- low level of O2 in the tissue despite adequate perfusion of the tissue
cardiac biomarkers
- certain enzymes leak out of teh heart cells and into the blood after myocardial infarction
- cardiac enzyme studied measure the levels of creatine phosphokinase and teh protein troponin in the blood. ck- MB is a relatively specific test for myocardial infarction. it appears in blood approx four hours after infarction, peaks at 12-24 hours, and declines over 48-72 hours. cardiac troponin- I is also a specific marker for infarction, and unlike CK- MB levels it remains elevated for 5-7 days
cholesterol tests
- measure the amt of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood in order to determine the risk of atherosclerosis
- ## HDL, LDL. total and triglycerides
HDL
- “good” cholesterol because it helps carry away LDL cholesterol and is protective against atherogenesis
LDL
referred to as teh “bad’ cholesterol since it is associated with the buildup of fatyy plaque within the arteries which reduce blood flow
triglycerides
- the body converts any calories it doesnot need to use right away into triglycerides, which are stored in adipose tissue. high levels of triglycerides are seen in overweight people, in those consuming too many sweets or too much alcohol and in people with diabetes who have elevated blood sugar levels
complete blood count CBC
- measures red blood cell count, total white blood cell count, white clood cell differential, platelets, hemoglobin and hematocrit
- CBC is performed to assess health, to diagnose, and monitor a medical condition and to monitor the effects of medical treatment
hematocrit
- is the percentage of RBC in total blood volume
- low hematocrit may indicate anemia, blood loss and vitamin or mineral deficiencies
- high hematocrit: indicate dehydration or polycythemia vera, a condition that causes an overproduction of red blood cells
Partial Thromboplatsin time PTT
and Prothrombin Time PT
- PTT and PT measures how quickly the blood clots
- the tests are commonoly used to monitor oral anticoagulant therapy or to screen for selected bleeding disorders
- the tests examine all of the clotting factors of the intrinsic pathway with the exception of platelets
- partial thromboplasting time is more sensitive than prothrimbin time in detecting minor deficiencies
Lab values/ ranges for:
erythrocytes
- males 4.3- 5.6 x10^6
- females 4.0 - 5.2 x10^6
Lab values/ ranges for:
leukocytes
Total 3.54-9.006 x 10^3
Lab values/ ranges for:
platelet count
165-415 X10^3
Lab values/ ranges for:
Partial THromboplastin Time PTT
- 26.3-39.4
Lab values/ ranges for:
Hematocrit
adult males: 0.388-0.464
adult females: 0.354-0.444
Lab values/ ranges for:
Hemoglobin
adult males: 13.3-16.2
adult females: 12.0-15.8
Lab values/ ranges for:
Total cholesterol
DEsirable: <200
borderline 200-239
High: >240 mg/dL
Lab values/ ranges for:
LDL cholesterol
Optimal <100
Borderline: 130-159
high: 160-189
very high >190
Lab values/ ranges for:
HDL cholesterol
- Low <40
High >60
Lab values/ ranges for:
triglycerides
DEsirable: <150
Borderline: 150-199
High 200-499
very high: >500
