Lungs and Pleura Flashcards

1
Q

Development of lungs and pleura

A

respiratory system begins to develop at 4-6 weeks from endoderm layer
endodermal out pouches form lung and bronchial buds
rapid division

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2
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

Closely adheres to the lungs including the fissures
Creates a smooth and slippery surface
Connects to the parietal pleura and hilum/root of the lung

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3
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Lines the internal aspects of the thoracic wall

Divided into 4: costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, cervical

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4
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

contains a layer of serous fluid
surface tension of the serous fluid holds lungs against thoracic wall and prevents collapse
There are 2 PC recesses due to heart - costomediastinal and costodiaphragmatic

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5
Q

Pleural Innervation

A

cervical: 1st intercostal nerve
costal: intercostal nerves
mediastinal: phrenic nerve
diaphragmatic: phrenic & lower intercostals
pulmonary plexuses supply visceral layer

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6
Q

Trachea

A

flexible tube running form C6 to T4/5
bifurcates at level of sternal angle
lined by mucous membrane and cilia
the carina separates the 2 main bronchi

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7
Q

Bronchi

A

Primary - one for each trunk (not symmetrical)
Secondary (lobar) - supply one lobe each
Tertiary (segmental) - supplies a bronchopulmonary segment

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8
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments

A

10 in right, 8 in left
supplied by a single tertiary bronchus
separated by connective tissue
surgically resectable

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9
Q

Bronchioles

A

20-25 generations of conducting bronchioles
No cartilage in walls
Characterised by out pockets of alveoli
Lead into alveolar ducts which end in alveolar sacs

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10
Q

Alveoli

A

Surrounded by capillaries

2 types: type 1 (95%) and type 2 (5% and secrete surfactant)

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11
Q

Innervation of the Lungs

A

Sympathetic: form sympathetic trunk - bronchial musculature dilates and vasculature constricts
Parasympathetic: from Vagus nerve - bronchial musculature constricts and vasculature dilates

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12
Q

Bronchial Circulation

A

Bronchial arteries supply lung and visceral pleura
Left arteries branch from descending aorta
Right arteries branch from intercostal arteries
Bronchial veins terminate in Azygos system of veins

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