Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OS 205 > Lungs and Pleura > Flashcards

Lungs and Pleura Flashcards

1
Q

Thin, extrapleural layer of loose connective tissue

Forms a natural cleavage for the surgical operation of the costal pleura from the thoracic wall

Allows the thoracic surgeon to move and place instruments inside the thoracic wall yet remain outside, preventing infection of the pleural cavities

A

Endothoracic fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

TRUE or FALSE

The pleura is vulnerable to injury during the first few years after birth

A

TRUE

The cervical pleura reaches a relatively higher level in infants and young children because of the shortness of their necks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TRUE or FALSE

The pleura is not in danger from an incision in the posterior abdominal wall

A

FALSE

Small areas of pleura exposed in the COSTOVERTEBRAL ANGLES inferomedial to the 12th ribs are posterior to the superior poles of the kidneys

‘Danger’ regions:

Infrasternal angle, right part

Costovertebral left and right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Presence of air in the pleural cavity

A

Pneumothorax

(G. pneuma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens when

Sufficient amount of air enters the pleural cavity

Surface tension adhering visceral to parietal pleura (lung to thorax) is broken

Pleural cavity (normally a potential space) becomes a real space

A

Pulmonary collapse

Lung collapses because of its inherent elasticity (elastic recoil)

Laceration of a lung and its visceral pleura / penetration of the thoracic wall -> hemorrhage and escape of air into the pleural cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens when

there is a penenatrating wound of the parietal pleura or rupture of a lung from a bullet?

A
  1. Pneumothorax - entry of air; fractured ribs tear the parietal pleura

2. Hydrothrorax- accumulation of a significant amount of fluid (which resulted from pleural effusion - escape of fluid in the pleural cavity)

  1. Hemothorax - blood enters (injury to a major intercostal vessel than from laceration of a lung)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What condition

Lung surfaces become rough

There is inflammation of the pleura

  • Pleural rub *(friction) is detected with a stethoscope
  • Pleural adhesion -* adherence of inflamed surfaces of pleura (parietal and visceral)
A

Pleuritis (Pleurisy)

What is felt

In acute pleuritis, sharp, stabbing pain during exertion, when rate and depth of air are increased, even slightly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is found in the hilum of the lung (medial surface of the lung)?

Hint: Structures which form the root of the lung

A

Main bronchus

Pulmonary vessels

Bronchial vessels

Lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many lobe has the

RIGHT lung has?

LEFT lung?

What divide the lungs into lobes?

A

3 lobes

2 lobes

Horizontal and oblique fissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Identify structure

Thin, tongue-like process of the superior lobe of the left lung

Extends below the cardiac notch and slides in and out of the costomediastinal recess during inspiration and expiration

A

Lingula

(L. dim of lingua, tongue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Identify structure

Most common “accessory lobe”

Appears in the right in approx. 1% of people

A

Azygos lobe

Azygos vein arches over the apex of the right lung and not over the right helium

Medial part of the apex isolated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Identify structure

These special cells remove carbon from the gas-exchanging surfaces and deposit it in the “nonactive” connective tissue (which supports the lung)

or

in lymph nodes reseiving lymph from the lungs

A

Dust cells (phagocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is auscultation and percussion of the lungs?

How is it done?

A

Auscultation - listening to sounds with a stethoscope

How? In auscultating the base of the lung, place te stet to the posterior thoracic wall at the level of the 10th thoracic vertebra. This is the inferoposterior part of the inferior lobe, not the diaphragmatic surface or anatomical base.

Percussion - tapping the chest over the lungs with the fingers to detect sounds in the apices of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

TRUE or FALSE

  1. Diseased lungs filled with fluid, fetal lings and lungs from a stillborn infact float when placed in water
  2. The lungs of a liveborn infant who dies shortly after birth sinks
A
  1. False
  2. False
    * Fresh healthy lungs contain some air*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What condition results in

  1. Paralysis of the hemidiaphragm
  2. Hoarseness from paralysis of a vocal fold (cord)
A
  1. *Lung cancer involving a phrenic nerve *
    * 2. *Due to the intimate relationship of the recurrent laryngeal nerve to the apex of the lung
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which nerve passes anterior to the root of the lung? Posterior to the root of the lung?

Options:

Phrenic nerve

Vagus nerve (CN X)

A

Anterior: Phrenic

Posterior: Vagus (CN X)

17
Q

TRUE or FALSE

The main bronchi (primary bronchi) pass superolaterally from the bifurcation of the trachea at the level of the sternal angle to the hila of the lungs

A

FALSE

Inferolaterally

18
Q

The bronchi has what type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline (same as trachea)

19
Q

The mucous membrane covering the carina is one of the most sensitive areas of the tracheobronchial tree. It is associated with what reflex?

A

Cough reflexe.g. When children aspirate a peanut, they choke and cough. Once the peanut passes the carina, coughing usually stops.Lung secretions pass to the carina and cause coughing, which helps to expel them.

20
Q

Which bronchus is wider, shorter and running more vertically than the other one such that foreign bodies more likely enter and lodge in it?

A

Right bronchusDentists insert a thin rubber dam into the oral cavity–when performing a root canal.

21
Q

IDENTIFY STRUCTURE

Cartilaginous projection of the last tracheal ring

Distorted, widened posteriorly and immobile when there is bronchogenic carcinoma

A

Carina

22
Q

What chemical is released when there is inflammation of the bronchus (caused by substances released from peanut)?

A

Arachidic bronchitis

23
Q

Collapse of the lung is called?

A

Atelectasis

24
Q

Difficulty in breathing caused by a foreign body is called?

A

Dyspnea

25
Q

Surgical resections are done when there are diseased segments of the bronchopulmonary (tumors, abscesses, collections of pus). What do you call the removal of a whole lung? a lobe? a bronchopulmonary segment?

A

PneumonectomyLobectomySegmentectomy

26
Q

TRUE or FALSE

In the course of an asthmatic attack, more wheezing noises and breathing difficulties are experienced during air inspiration than expulsion

A

FALSE

27
Q

What is pulmonary thromboembolism?

Hint: Thrombus is a blood clot and is a common cause of morbidity and mortality

A

Obstruction of a pulmonary artery by a thrombus (blood clot)HOW?Trauma from tibial fracture -> Thrombus/fat globule/air bubble in the leg vein -> Blood -> Pulmonary artery -> Right side of the heart -> Lung

28
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

What is so special about the pulmonary artery?

A

It carries blood away from the heart to the lungsHeart -> LungsBut, DEOXYGENATED blood

29
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

What is so special about the pulmonary vein?

A

It carries the blood back to the heartLung -> HeartBut, OXYGENATED blood

30
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

What is the pathway of the blood (poorly oxygenated to oxygenated)?

A

Deoxygenated blood travels to inferior vena cava (from lower part of the body) and superior vena cava (upper part) -> Tricuspid valve -> Right ventricle -> Right and left pulmonary arteries -> Pulmonary capillaries (gas exchange - O2 and CO2) -> Pulmonary veins -> Left atrium of the heart -> Mitral valve -> Left ventricle -> Descending (to lower limbs) and ascending aorta (upper limb)

31
Q

What happens during pleural adhesion?

A

Adhesion of parietal and visceral layers -> Drainage of lymphatic vessels in the lung and visceral pleura into the axillary lymph nodes

32
Q

The left bronchial artery arise from?

A

Thoracic aorta

33
Q

TRUE or FALSE

The right pulmonary artery passes under the arch of the aorta

The left pulmonary artery lies completely to the left of the arch

A

True

True

OS 205 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions