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OS 205 > Cardiovascular Physiology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards

0
Q

Receives greater amt of flow that exceeds its metabolic requirement

Remove wastes from it

Can withstand sevee reductions of blood flow

Lings, kidneys, GI, skin

A

Blood conditioning organ

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1
Q

Overall role of the Cardiovascular System

A

Homeostasis

Maintaining the constancy of internal environment

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2
Q

Blood flows solely to supply the metabolic needs

e.g. Brain

A

Metabolic organs

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3
Q

Everything in the cardiovascular system works to support this to maintain homeostasis

A

Microcirculation

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4
Q

Blood flows because of…

A

Pressure gradient

It will determine the flow

High pressure and low pressure

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5
Q

Microcirculatory diffusion of gases, nutrients and fluid is made possible by…

A

Adequate blood flow in and out of capillaries

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6
Q

How much fluid the heart puts out

A

Cardiac output

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7
Q

Volume of blood ejected by contraction

A

Stroke volume

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8
Q

Load imposed on the fluid before it goes out of the heart

A

Afterload

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9
Q

Load imposed on the fluid before it goes in

Determined by venous return

A

Preload

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10
Q

Which vessel regulates the flow of blood

‘Resistance vessels’
Constricts and contracts

A

Arterioles

Contricts
Affected by pressure gradient
Regulatory mechanism

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11
Q

Introduced fluid viscosity

What is it?

A

Isaac Newton

Highly viscous will flow slowly and vice versa

Laminar

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12
Q

Relationship of variables

Viscosity (n)?

Shear stress- stress the fluid encounters
Dyne/cm2

Shear rate- sec-1

A

If there is a lot of resistance on going forward, viscosity goes higher

The higher the shear stress, the higher the viscosity, the slower the rate (flow)

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13
Q

Windkessel model of the arterial system

A

Medieval tree is likened to a medieval fire cart

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14
Q

Established the relationship between flow, pressure gradient and tube dimensions

First used the mercury manometer to measure values of intra-vascular pressure

Intuitively deduced the presence of ‘resistance vessels’

A

Jean Leonard-Marie Pousseuille (1700s)

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15
Q

Relationship of variables

Poisseuille's equation:
Q   Volume flow per unit time
K   Constant
D   Internal diameter
P1-P2   Pressure drop
L   Length

May be likened to Ohm’s Law (flow of electricity)
Resistance is inverse to the flow

A

The longer the length, the lesser the flow
The higher the viscosity, the lesser the flow

The greater the diameter, the greater the flow
The greater the pressure gradient, the greater the flow

16
Q

What affects flow

Changing this results to an exponential change

A

Diameter of the vessel

17
Q

Jean Leonard-Marie Pousseuille (1700s)

Other assumptions:
1 Liquid is homogenous and viscosity is same at all rates of shear
2 Liquid does not slip
3 Flow is laminar
4 Rate of flow is constant
5 Tube is long, compared to the region being studied
6 Tube is cylindrical and rigid

A 
1 Hematocrit
Percentage of RBC concentration in blood
Measures blood viscosity
2 NOT TRUE
3 Parabolic shaped flow
4 FALSE
5 TRUE!!! When you are obese, you have longerp vessels, so the flow is slow!
6 Not rigid! Taper in the aorta. Elastic modulus along the aorta

So..good for a snapshot of the circulatory system, not really hemodynamics

18
Q

Anomalous effect of blood or the Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect

Explain

A

Viscosity of blood decreases when tube size decreases

The RBCs accumulate in the middle part of the tube, leaving the other parts with liquid, so less viscous

19
Q

Relationship of variables

Turbulence:
Fluid density
Velocity
Diameter
Viscosity
A

Fluid density - directly related

Fluid viscosity - inversely related

20
Q

Breakdown of laminar flow

A

Turbulence

21
Q

T or F

Blood flow is pulsatile, not steady

A

True

22
Q

Young’s Modulus in the aorta

A

Elasticity of the aorta!!!

23
Q

Introduced cardiac catheritization techniques

A

Cournand and Ranges

1941

24
Q

Described the relationship between ventricular dimension and ventricular contraction

A

Otto Frank and Ernest Starling

1895, 1918

25
Q

Measured intravascular pressure waves

A

Margo and Millar

1972

26
Q

Used ultrasonic devices to measure flow velocity waveforms

A

Hartley and Cole

1974

27
Q

T or F

Aortic valve closes earlier than pulmonic valve

A

True

OS 205 (18 decks)

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