Histology of the Cardiovascular System

Question 0

Type of circulation that contains oxygenated blood

Answer 0

Systemic

Question 1

Type of circulation that contains deoxygenated blood

Answer 1

Pulmonary

Question 2

Tissue of the Vascular Wall

Simple squamous
Where exchange of gases and nutrients occur
Active type
Nitric acid to prevent blood clots (vasodilator)
Produce steroid hormones
Has anti-thrombogenic structure

Answer 2

Endothelium

Question 3

Tissue of the Vascular Wall

Enclosed by basal lamina

Answer 3

Smooth muscle

Question 4

Layer of Blood Vessels

Contains endothelial cells
Internal elastic membrane

Answer 4

Tunica intima

Question 5

Layer of Blood Vessels

Thickness depends on the pressure
Present in coronary arteries
Thickness is great in lower limbs than upper limbs because of gravity

Answer 5

Tunica media

Question 6

Layer of Blood Vessels

Outer layer
Collagen fibers are arranged longitudinally
External elastic membrane

Answer 6

Tunica adventitia

Question 7

Vessels found in walls
Depends on the content and size of walls
More frequent in veins than arteries
Found only in bigger vessels
Provides nutrients

Answer 7

Vasa vasorum

Question 8

Vasa vasorum is more in…than… (Arrange)

Pulmonary artery
Aorta
IVC
Basilic vein

Answer 8

IVC
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Basilic vein

Question 9

Nerves attached to the wall

Answer 9

Nervi vasorum

Question 10

Innervation of vessels

Answer 10

Vasomotor center

Reticular formation in medulla oblongata

Question 11

Vessels not attached to the wall may be classified as….

Answer 11

Arteriole

Venuole

Question 12

Type of Artery

Contains elastin

In intima, have bodies that are storage of Von Willebrand factor. These are called ________

In media, have sheaths of elastin called _________

No prominent internal elastic membrane

Conducting artery (____ pump)

Answer 12

Elastic

Weibel-Palade bodies

Fenestrations

Question 13

Type of Artery

Contains smooth muscles
Have 3 layers
Elastin not as prominent
Internal and external membrane prominent

In tunica media, there are cells called ________
Each has its own basal lamina

Answer 13

Muscular

Myocytes

Question 14

Type of Artery

Principal component of peripheral resistance
Contains 1-2 layers of smooth muscle cells
3 layers are visible

Answer 14

Arteriole

Question 15

Transition vessel from arteriole to capillary

Answer 15

Metarteriole

-shown as gap between smooth muscle cells

Question 16

Special type of circulation

Artery directly connected to a vein
For thermoregulation
Conserves heat

vs Artery - Capillary - Vein (during strenuous exercise)

Answer 16

Arteriovenous Anastomoses

Question 17

Chemoreceptors which detect:

Decrease in O2
Increase in CO2
Increase in H+ ions

Effect?

Answer 17

Carotid, aortic bodies
Carotid sinus

Increase respiration

Question 18

Condition wherein a person hyperventilates without underlying pathological mechanism

What to do?

Answer 18

Hysteria

Breathe through a brown paper bag, enclosing both the nose and the mouth to reduce respiratory rate

Question 19

Found in carotid sinus, internal carotid artery
Detects changes in pressure
Compensates for high blood pressure
Vasodilates / vasocompresses vessels

Answer 19

Baroreceptor

Question 20

TRUE or FALSE

Vessel walls thin as we grow older

Answer 20

False

Thickens
Elastin increases in elastic
Collagen increases in muscular

Question 21

Normal accumulation of lipid in the vessels

Consequence of aging

Answer 21

Arteriosclerosis

Question 22

Pathologic formation of elevated plaques in blood vessels

In intima, patchy accumulation of lipid filled smooth muscle

Effects:
Heart?
Brain?

Answer 22

Atherosclerosis

Myocardiac ischemia
Stroke

Question 23

Blood vessel with the smallest diameter
A little bigger than a red blood vessel
Consist of only a single layer of endothelial cell
Can only accumulate 1 red blood vessel

Around it are cells called ________
Main purpose is contraction
Has actin and myosin

Answer 23

Capillaries

Pericyte

Question 24

Type of Capillary

Have ‘fenestra’ - holes in the walls
Continuous basal lamina
Found in glomerulus, intestinal tract, pancreas (areas where exchange of blood is high)

Tip in lab exam: GI has villi

Answer 24

Fenestrated

Question 25

Type of Capillary

No break in the wall
Found in muscle, connective amd nervous tissue

Answer 25

Continuous

Question 26

Type of Capillary

No continuity of basal lamina
Sign: Congested spaces between chord of cells
Not uniform
Found in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes

Answer 26

Sinusoidal

Question 27

Use of vesicles for transport in capillaries
Nutrients are not used up
From luminal side of the wall -> Surrounding tissue

Answer 27

Transcytosis

Question 28

Only prominent layer in veins is the ________

Answer 28

Tunica adventitia

Question 29

Lumen is collapsed in this blood vessel

Answer 29

Vein

Question 30

Where leukocytes migrate from the blood into the tissues

Where fluid escapes

Answer 30

Postcapillary venules

Question 31

TRUE or FALSE

Usually magkatabi ang muscular artery at medium vein

Most likely katabi ng arteriole and venuole

Answer 31

True

True

Question 32

Large veins where 3 layers can be identified

Answer 32

SVC

IVC

Question 33

Lab exam tips:

Venuole - See only endothelium
Arteriole - See muscle
Capillary - Almost same size as RBC

Perimysium - Continuous
GI Tract - Fenestrated

Valves in veins - See as folds in intima

Answer 33

You can do it!

Question 34

Portal Systems

Answer 34

Hepatic - Drain to central vein

Hypothalamus - Pituitary

Kidney - Intervening Portal (efferent)

Question 35

Efferent

vs

Afferent

Answer 35

‘Effect’ - CNS to organ

vs

Organ to CNS