Histology of the Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Type of circulation that contains oxygenated blood
Systemic
Type of circulation that contains deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary
Tissue of the Vascular Wall
Simple squamous
Where exchange of gases and nutrients occur
Active type
Nitric acid to prevent blood clots (vasodilator)
Produce steroid hormones
Has anti-thrombogenic structure
Endothelium
Tissue of the Vascular Wall
Enclosed by basal lamina
Smooth muscle
Layer of Blood Vessels
Contains endothelial cells
Internal elastic membrane
Tunica intima
Layer of Blood Vessels
Thickness depends on the pressure
Present in coronary arteries
Thickness is great in lower limbs than upper limbs because of gravity
Tunica media
Layer of Blood Vessels
Outer layer
Collagen fibers are arranged longitudinally
External elastic membrane
Tunica adventitia
Vessels found in walls Depends on the content and size of walls More frequent in veins than arteries Found only in bigger vessels Provides nutrients
Vasa vasorum
Vasa vasorum is more in…than… (Arrange)
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
IVC
Basilic vein
IVC
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Basilic vein
Nerves attached to the wall
Nervi vasorum
Innervation of vessels
Vasomotor center
Reticular formation in medulla oblongata
Vessels not attached to the wall may be classified as….
Arteriole
Venuole
Type of Artery
Contains elastin
In intima, have bodies that are storage of Von Willebrand factor. These are called ________
In media, have sheaths of elastin called _________
No prominent internal elastic membrane
Conducting artery (____ pump)
Elastic
Weibel-Palade bodies
Fenestrations
Type of Artery
Contains smooth muscles
Have 3 layers
Elastin not as prominent
Internal and external membrane prominent
In tunica media, there are cells called ________
Each has its own basal lamina
Muscular
Myocytes
Type of Artery
Principal component of peripheral resistance
Contains 1-2 layers of smooth muscle cells
3 layers are visible
Arteriole
Transition vessel from arteriole to capillary
Metarteriole
-shown as gap between smooth muscle cells
Special type of circulation
Artery directly connected to a vein
For thermoregulation
Conserves heat
vs Artery - Capillary - Vein (during strenuous exercise)
Arteriovenous Anastomoses
Chemoreceptors which detect:
Decrease in O2
Increase in CO2
Increase in H+ ions
Effect?
Carotid, aortic bodies
Carotid sinus
Increase respiration
Condition wherein a person hyperventilates without underlying pathological mechanism
What to do?
Hysteria
Breathe through a brown paper bag, enclosing both the nose and the mouth to reduce respiratory rate
Found in carotid sinus, internal carotid artery
Detects changes in pressure
Compensates for high blood pressure
Vasodilates / vasocompresses vessels
Baroreceptor
TRUE or FALSE
Vessel walls thin as we grow older
False
Thickens
Elastin increases in elastic
Collagen increases in muscular
Normal accumulation of lipid in the vessels
Consequence of aging
Arteriosclerosis
Pathologic formation of elevated plaques in blood vessels
In intima, patchy accumulation of lipid filled smooth muscle
Effects:
Heart?
Brain?
Atherosclerosis
Myocardiac ischemia
Stroke
Blood vessel with the smallest diameter
A little bigger than a red blood vessel
Consist of only a single layer of endothelial cell
Can only accumulate 1 red blood vessel
Around it are cells called ________
Main purpose is contraction
Has actin and myosin
Capillaries
Pericyte
Type of Capillary
Have ‘fenestra’ - holes in the walls
Continuous basal lamina
Found in glomerulus, intestinal tract, pancreas (areas where exchange of blood is high)
Tip in lab exam: GI has villi
Fenestrated
Type of Capillary
No break in the wall
Found in muscle, connective amd nervous tissue
Continuous
Type of Capillary
No continuity of basal lamina
Sign: Congested spaces between chord of cells
Not uniform
Found in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes
Sinusoidal
Use of vesicles for transport in capillaries
Nutrients are not used up
From luminal side of the wall -> Surrounding tissue
Transcytosis
Only prominent layer in veins is the ________
Tunica adventitia
Lumen is collapsed in this blood vessel
Vein
Where leukocytes migrate from the blood into the tissues
Where fluid escapes
Postcapillary venules
TRUE or FALSE
Usually magkatabi ang muscular artery at medium vein
Most likely katabi ng arteriole and venuole
True
True
Large veins where 3 layers can be identified
SVC
IVC
Lab exam tips:
Venuole - See only endothelium
Arteriole - See muscle
Capillary - Almost same size as RBC
Perimysium - Continuous
GI Tract - Fenestrated
Valves in veins - See as folds in intima
You can do it!
Portal Systems
Hepatic - Drain to central vein
Hypothalamus - Pituitary
Kidney - Intervening Portal (efferent)
Efferent
vs
Afferent
‘Effect’ - CNS to organ
vs
Organ to CNS
