Clinical Correlations on CVS Pediatrics Flashcards
Fetal blood is supplied to organs like?
Coronary artery
Heart
Brains
Fetal and adult circulation, what is the basic difference?
Gas exchange
Placenta (fetus) and Lungs (adult)
Organ which receives the largest amount of combined ventricular output and has the lowest vascular resistance, in fetal circulation
Placenta
Drains the upper part of the body including the brain (in fetal circulation)
SVC
Carries most of the systemic blood in fetal circulation
Right ventricle (55%)
Determined by preload (volume) and afterload (resistance to flow) and contractility
Stroke volume
Why are newborns more vulnerable to insults?
Fewer myocardial cells Lesser contractile elements Sympathetic/parasympathetic is immature Newborns can't increase their stroke volume Cardiac output is HR dependent
Normal resting HR of newborns
110 to 150 beats/min
2 yrs 85-125 beats/min
Common cardiovascular diseases / disorder of children
Cyanosis
Congestive <3 Failure
Murmurs
Disease/disorder
Produced by turbulence of blood flow from high to low pressure chambers in the heart
Intensity related to amount of blood flow and body position
Grade 4: Thrill
Grade 3: Resident can hear it
Grade 2: Cardiologist can hear it
Grade 1: Only the consultant
Cardiac Murmur
Murmurs not associated with any anatomic or physiologic abnormality
Innocent murmur
Types:
Transient murmur of PDA
Pulmonic flow murmur
Transient murmur
Disease/disorder
Bluish color of skin, nailbeds and mucus membrane
Deoxygenated blood within capillary network
Associated with clubbing
Cyanosis
Known as acrocyanosis (in peripheral). There is vasoconstriction.
What test is done to determine whether patient is cyanotic?
Hyperoxia test
For differential diagnosis of:
-Cyanotic Heart Disease
-Noncardiac Cyanosis
What is an atresia? Differentiate it from stenosis.
Completely closed
vs
In stenosis, there is blocking
What is the sound heard when taking blood pressure?
1st Korotkoff sound : Systolic BP
5th Korotkoff sound : Diastolic BP
