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Respiratory > Lung cancer > Flashcards

Lung cancer Flashcards

1
Q

%wise how many lung cancers are caused by smoking?

A

90%

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2
Q

what are the two categories of lung cancers,

and their commonness as a &.

A

Small cell lung cancer 15%

Non-small cell lung cancer 85%

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3
Q

of the two categories of lung cancer which is more aggressive with a worse prognosis?

A

Small cell lung cancer

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4
Q

of the two categories of lung cancer, which will rarely every have surgery done.

and why?

A

Small cell lung cancer

mets because it divides rapidly.

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5
Q

SCLC is derived from which neuroendocrine cell?

A

Kulchitsky cells

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6
Q

is smoking a RF for SCLC?

A

yes

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7
Q

why is called small cell lung cancer?

A

because cells are small

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8
Q

generally is prognosis good or bad for lung cancer?

A

bad

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9
Q

what are the three most common types of NSCLC?

and their commonness %wise?

A

Adenocarcinoma (40%)

Squamous-cell (25-30%)

Large-cell (10-15%)

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10
Q

which non-small cell lung cancer has a weak link to smoking?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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11
Q

Adenocarcinoma is derived from what type of tissue?

A

glands

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12
Q

which non-small cell lung cancer are peripheral lesions?

- 2

A

Adenocarcinoma

Large-cell

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13
Q

which non-small cell lung cancer is a central lesion?

A

Squamous-cell

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14
Q

Cushing’s syndrome is associated with what type of lung cancer.

A

small cell lung cancer

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15
Q

how does ADH affect Na+ levels.

which category of lung cancer is associated with increased ADH?

A

lowers [Na+]

small cell lung cancer

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16
Q

Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy is associated with which category of lung cancer?

A

non - small cell lung cancer

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17
Q

increased β-HCG is associated with which type of cancer?

A

Large-cell

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18
Q

hypercalcaemia is associated with which type of cancer?

A

Squamous-cell

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19
Q

lung cancer pt has hoarseness of voice,

why is he/she having this symptom?

A

lung mass pressing on left recurrent laryngeal nerve

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20
Q

lung cancer pt has raised hemidiaphragm on CXR,

why is he/she having this symptom?

A

phrenic nerve pressed on by mass

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21
Q

lung cancer pt has dyspnoea + wheezing.

why is he/she having this symptom?

A

mass pushing on airways

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22
Q

lung cancer pt has:
dyspnoea
pulseless jugular venous distension
swelling of the face, neck and arms

diagnosis?

A

svc obstruction

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23
Q

pt has lung cancer,

you are suspicious of bone mets.

what scan do you do to confirm?

A

bone scan.

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24
Q

how many lung cancer pts will have cervical lymphadenopathy % wiise?

A

30%

25
Q

why is there haemoptysis with lung cancer?

- 2 reasons

A

neovascularisation from tumour

airways erode causing bleeding

26
Q

symptoms of lung cancer?
- 8 in total

(remember the standard cancer symptoms)

A 
Cough 
Haemoptysis
SOB 
Pleuritic chest pain 
Fever, weight loss, lethargy, night sweats
27
Q

sign of lung cancer when auscultating?

A

wheeze

28
Q

sign of lung cancer when percussing?

explain the cause of this sign.

A

Stony dull percussion

pleural effusion

29
Q

sign of lung cancer around the fingers?

A

clubbing

30
Q

sign of lung cancer around the neck on palpating?

A

lymphadenopathy

31
Q

which type of lung cancer is particularly associated with lung cancer?

A

squamous

32
Q

pt suspected of lung cancer based on history.

CXR done.

what features will come on CXR for a lung cancer pt?
- 4 things

A

big hilars, pleural effusion, consolidation, opacities

33
Q

pt suspected of lung cancer.
what bloods do you do and why?
- 3

A

FBC – anaemia of chronic disease & thrombocytosis
Na+ - low=ADH secretion
Ca2+ - high=bone mets

34
Q

CXR shows features of lung cancer.

what is the next IX to confirm this which is also the gold. S IX?

A

CT chest with contrast

35
Q

which scan is used for staging after the CT?

- the scan is used more so for NSLC.

A

PET scan

36
Q

which radionuclide is used in PET scanning?

A

18-fluorodeoxygenase

37
Q

what method is used for biopsy of central lesion and peripheral lesion lung cancer?

if pt is not suitable for standard biopsy method in regards to central lesion, what is the next method??

A

Peripheral lesions – percutaneously
Central lesions – bronchoscopy

sputum cytology if bronchoscopy not tolerated.

38
Q

how many CXR are negative with lung cancer pts (% wise)?

A

10%

39
Q

usual Mx for SCLC?

A

chemoradiotherapy

40
Q

of SCLC and NSCLC, which is surgery more viable on?

and why?

A

NSCLC

SCLC very aggressive, so mets

41
Q

before doing lung cancer surgery, a mediastinoscopy needs to be done.

why so?

A

check for lymphadenopathy (that can be missed n CT)

42
Q

CI for lung cancer surgery?

- 4

A

cancer has metastasised, tumour near hilum, malignant pleural effusion, vocal cord paralysis

43
Q

of SCLC and NSCLC which has a poor response to chemo?

A

NSCLC

44
Q

define lobectomy

A

remove lobe

45
Q

define pneumonectomy

A

remove lung

46
Q

1st lifestyle MX for lung cancer?

A

quit smoking

47
Q

Ix to check Mets?

A

PET scanning

48
Q

which Ix do you do before surgery?

why?

A

mediastinoscopy

shows mediastinal lymph node involvement if any

49
Q

most people’s Mx if the have lung cancer?

after lifestyle factor changes

A

chemo + radiotherapy

50
Q

clubbing is a sign of what particular lung cancer?

A

squamous cancer

51
Q

stony dull percussion is a sign of what on percussion?

A

pleural effusion

52
Q

Hoarseness of voice comes what from tumour, i.e. give the name of the tumour?

what is happening to cause this hoarseness of voice?

A

Pancoast tumour

presses on recurrent laryngeal nerve

53
Q

for lung cancer CXR is normal in how many pts?

- % wise

A

10%

54
Q

Horner’s syndrome is caused by what exactly?

what will be the classic symptoms?

A

something pressing on sympathetic trunk

miosis, ptosis, anhidrosis (all on one side)

55
Q

Ix of choice for lung cancer?

A

CT

56
Q

Ix to get histological diagnosis of lung cancer?

A

bronchoscopy + biopsy

57
Q

which lung cancer secretes beta-hCG and is on periphery?

A

Large Cell cancer

58
Q

which lung cancer causes ↑PTH?

the ↑PTH will cause a rise in what mineral in the blood?

A

Squamous

↑Ca2+

Respiratory (22 decks)

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