Lung Cancer Flashcards
What percent of lung cancer is caused by smoking?
87%
What are the two major types of lung cancer?
- Non-small cell
- Small cell
Non-small cell cancer percent
75% - 80%
What are the 3 subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer and their percentages
- Squamous cell 30%
- Adenocarcinoma 40%
- Large cell 15%
Small cell cancer percent
20% - 25%
The lungs consist of ___ lobes, ___ in the right lung and ___ in the left lung
5
3
2
The main cell type in the lungs are
epithelial cell
What do epithelial cells do
Produce mucous that lubricates and protects the lungs
What is the lungs main function
Allow oxygen to enter the bloodstream for delivery to the rest of the body
Most people who develop lung cancer today have either (2)
- Stopped smoking years ago
- Never smoked
What are risk factors for lung cancer (7)
- Asbestos
- Chromium
- Nickel
- Radon
- Arsenic
- Soot
- Tar
Lung cancer symptoms (7)
- Fatigue
- Cough
- Short breath
- Chest pain
- Appetite loss
- Pglehum
- Hemoptysis (coughing blood)
___% die in the first year, ___% die within 2 years.
60, 70
Because almost all patients will have a tumor in the lung, a ___ or
___ of the chest is performed
chest x-ray, CT scan
The diagnosis must be confirmed with a ___.
Biopsy
The location(s) of all sites of cancer is determined by additional ___ , ___ and ___
CT scans, PET scans, and MRI
Treatment depends on the ___ and ___ of lung cancer
Stage, type
Common lung caner treatmetns include (4)
- Surgery
- Radiation therapy
- Chemo therapy
- Targeted therapy
Lung cancer is normally treated with a ___ of therapies
Combination
The ___and the ___ ___ in the chest are typically
removed to offer the best chance for cure
Tumor, lymph nodes
For non-small cell lung cancer, a ___ has shown to be most effective.
lobectomy (removal of the entire lobe
where the tumor is located)
What is a Pneumonectomy
Removal of entire lung (left or right)
When is a Pneumonectomy perfomed
only performed if there is a high chance of a cure and if patient is in good
enough health to live with only one lung
Usual dose for a primary lung cancer is ___ cGy.
4000-6000
Side effects of radiaiton therapy treatment on lungs (5)
- Fatigue
- Malaise
- Loss of appetite
- esophagitis
- Skin irritation
Radiation pneumonitis is the irritation and inflammation of the lung;
occurs in __% of patients
15%
The most common type of lung cancer type is
non small-cell
____ cell is the most common pathology for small-cell cancer
Squamous
Regardless of stage, ___provides the best chance of long-term
disease-free survival and cure.
Surgery
80% of patients with NSCLC will have __Treatment Type__
Chemo
Stage 1 Non-small cell lung cancer is located in the ___
Lung
Stage 1 Non-small cell lung cancer treatments (2)
- Surgically removed
- Radaition and chemo (maybe used after surgery)
Stage II Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer has spread to
Lymph nodes in the lung
Stage 2 Non-small cell lung cancer treatments (2)
- Chemo recomended
- Radiaiton (sometimes)
Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer has spread to
The lymph nodes located in the center
of the chest, and outside the lung
Stage IIIA cancer has spread to
lymph nodes in the chest, on the
same side where the cancer
originated
Stage III and IIIA Non-small cell lung cancer treatments (2)
- Chemo
- Radiation
Both recomended
Stage IIIB cancer has spread to
lymph nodes on the opposite side
of the chest
Stage IIIB Non-small cell lung cancer main treatment
- Chemo (main)
Patients with limited stage (confined to one area) are treated with
Both Radiation and chemo
Patients with extensive stage (not confined to one area) are treated with
Chemo only
Why is radiation therapy given to the brain for non-small cell cancer
Because it can spread to the brain
Most common risk factor of mesothelioma
Abestos
Mesothelioma symptoms
- Pain
- Short breath
- Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
