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RTT Patient Care > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Emotional Intellegence

A

The ability to evaluate, perceive and control emotions

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2
Q

What is Gerontology

A

The study of older adults

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3
Q

What is an inpatient?

A

Someone who has been admitted to the hospital for diagnostic studies or treatment

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4
Q

What is a outpatient

A

A patient who goes to a health care facility for treatment but does not stay overnight

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5
Q

What is patient assessment

A

The evaluation and determination of the status of a patient

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6
Q

What is patient autonomy

A

Patients ability and right to make independent decisions regarding medical care

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7
Q

Why should a patient understand the purpose of their treatment? (3)

A
  1. So they show up
  2. So they ask questions
  3. So they want to be there
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8
Q

Should you discuss rad dose with patients?

A

Yes, they deserve to know all aspects of their treatment

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9
Q

Which treatments need a special diet? (5)

A
  1. Head and neck
  2. GI
  3. GU
  4. Abdomen
  5. Pelvis
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10
Q

How can RT nurses help patients?

A

Inform them of medication options

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11
Q

What are the types radiation used in health care (4)

A
  1. Photon
  2. Electron
  3. Proton
  4. Gamma Knife
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12
Q

What are the dose differences (4)

A
  1. CT
  2. MRI
  3. PET
  4. X-Ray
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13
Q

What is horizontal communication

A

Communication between people on the same hierarchical level

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14
Q

What is a real world/post grad horizontal communication example

A

Therapist to another therapist or staff

Current would be classmates

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15
Q

What is vertical communitcation

A

Communication between different hierarchial levels (your boss)

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16
Q

Types of communication (4)

A
  1. Written
  2. Verbal
  3. Visual
  4. Non-verbal
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17
Q

Written communication is

A

Recorded information that can be read by others

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18
Q

Example of non-verbalcommunication

A

Nodding head to show that you agree or engaaged in conversation

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19
Q

Factors that may impair a patients communication skill are (2)

A
  1. Grieving
  2. Emotional Status
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20
Q

_____ and ____ communication may vary across different cultures

A
  1. Verbal
  2. Non-verbal
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21
Q

Communication may differ with different _______, _______ and _______

A
  1. Cultural beliefs
  2. Values
  3. Practices
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22
Q

What are the 5 stages of greif

A
  1. Denial
  2. Anger
  3. Barganing
  4. Depression
  5. Acceptance
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23
Q

When communicating with elderly patients you should

A

Speak loudly and clearly

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24
Q

Why should a caretaker be present when giving a patient instructions (2)

A
  1. They may have dementia
  2. To ensure best possible PT care
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25
Q

What is important to remember for communicaton for adolescents (2)

A
  1. They are building self esteem
  2. Maintain as much privacy for the PT as is safe and allowed
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26
Q

What should you do/remember when speaking with children?

A
  1. Speak to them on their level
  2. Speak in terms they can understand (laymans terms)
  3. Make sure the parent is present, but talk to the child
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27
Q

What assessments should you make before tranfering a patient (5)

A
  1. Strenght
  2. Range of motion
  3. Pain
  4. Cognitive abilities
  5. Movement dysfunctions
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28
Q

When tranfering a patient you should always ______ equipment

A

Stabilize

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29
Q

What should you secure before tranfering a patient?

A

All Lines
1.IV
2. Peripheral/Port,PICC
3. Urinary Catheters
4. Any other drains

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30
Q

When in doubt of tranfering a patient you should use a _____

A

Assistant

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31
Q

Always lift patients with your

A

legs

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32
Q

What is independent transfer

A

Patient needs no assistance with movement or transfer

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33
Q

What is partial tranfer

A

Patient needs some assistance with movement or transfer

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34
Q

What is dependant tranfer

A

Patient needs full assistance with movement or transfer

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35
Q

What is standby assistance

A

Patient can transfer on theor own but may require verbal cues

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36
Q

What is close guarding tranfer

A

Patient can tranfer on their own but has a likelyhood of needing assistance

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37
Q

What is contact guarding tranfer

A

Pateint can tranfer on their own but needs constant contact to ensure saftey

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38
Q

What is minimal assistance

A

When patients can do 75% of the transfer or activity

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39
Q

What is moderate assistance

A

When patients can do 50% of the transfer or activity

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40
Q

What is maximum assistance

A

When patients can do 25% of the transfer or activity

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41
Q

When tranfering feet should be at _____ width

A

shoulder

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42
Q

When lifting keep back ____ and ____ at the knees

A
  1. Upright
  2. Bend
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43
Q

Avoid ____ or ____ when moving a patient

A
  1. Pulling
  2. Lifting
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44
Q

When moving a patient or heavy object you should ___ or ___

A
  1. Roll
  2. Push
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45
Q

The point at which body weight is balanced is known as ____ or ____

A
  1. Center of gravity
  2. Body weight
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46
Q

Where is the body center of gravity located?

A

S2/ Mid portion of pelvis

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47
Q

Equipment used for pateint tranfers are (5)

A
  1. Wheel Chairs
  2. Stretchers
  3. Hydraulic Lift
  4. Gait Belts
  5. Sliding Board
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48
Q

What angle should a wheel chair be when moving a patient to the table?

A

45 degrees

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49
Q

What is the weigh capacity for hydraulic lifts

A

450lbs

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50
Q

________ acts as a supporting bridge when seated slide tranfers are preformed

A

Sliding boards

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51
Q

When postioning patients pads can be placed under what body prominces (3)

A
  1. Sacrum
  2. Heels
  3. Mid thoracic curvature
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52
Q

Lordotic =

A

Concave

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53
Q

Kyphotic =

A

convex

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54
Q

Vital signs that are part of PT assessement include (4)

A
  1. Blood Pressure
  2. Pulse
  3. respiration
    4.Tempature
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55
Q

In Rad oncology when will a patient have their vitals taken

A

Weekly when the visit with the doctor

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56
Q

___ is the blance between heat produced on body tissue and heat loss to the environment

A

Body Tempature

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57
Q

The ___ controls body tempature

A

Hypothalamus

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58
Q

Factors that can change body tempature include (8)

A
  1. Environment
  2. Time of day
  3. Age
  4. Weight
  5. Hormone Levels
  6. Physical activity
  7. Disease
  8. Injury
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59
Q

Normal body tempature for adults 14 and over is

A

97.8 - 98.6 F

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60
Q

A patient whos body tempature is elevated above normal levels is said to have a ___. Aka ___.

A
  1. Fever
  2. Pyrexia
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61
Q

As body tempature increases so does the demand of ___

A

Oxygen

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62
Q

A person can die when body temp goes above ___ to ___

A

105.8 - 111.2 F

63
Q

A person can die when body temp goes below ___

A

93.2 F

64
Q

What are the 4 areas of the body to measure temp

A
  1. Mouth
  2. Ear (tympanic)
  3. rectum (Anal)
  4. Armpit (Axillary)
65
Q

What is the most relaible site to take temp?

A

rectal

66
Q

9 locations to measure pulse

A
  1. Apical
  2. Radial
  3. Carotid
  4. Femoral
  5. Popliteal
  6. Temporal
  7. Dorsalis Pedis
  8. Posterior Tibial
  9. Brachial
67
Q

Apex of the heart is called

A

Apical

68
Q

Carotid =

A

Neck

69
Q

Femoral =

A

Groin

70
Q

Popliteal =

A

Posterior knee

71
Q

Temporal =

A

front of ear

72
Q

Dorsalis pedis =

A

top of foot

73
Q

Posterior tibial =

A

inner side of ankle

74
Q

Brachial =

A

groove of elbow

75
Q

Avg. adult pulse rate

A

60 - 90 BPM

76
Q

Abnormally rapid heart rate is called

A

Trachycardia (over 100 bpm)

77
Q

Abnormally slow heart rate is called

A

Bradycardia

78
Q

Which pulse is most convient to take on an adult

A

Radial pulse

79
Q

How long should you wain when taking a pulse

A

1 minute

80
Q

Function of the ___ is to exchange o2 and co2

A

respitory system

81
Q

Avg. adult respiration is

A

15 - 20 breath/min

82
Q

Blue tint to skin is know as

A

Cyanosis

83
Q

Another work for shortness of breath

A

Dyspnea

84
Q

____ affects its resistance to flow

A

blood viscosity

85
Q

Blood pressure depends on (5)

A
  1. Peripheal resistance
  2. Pumping action of heart
  3. Blood voulme
  4. Blood viscosity
  5. Velles wall elasticity
86
Q

The amount of resistance of blood flow when ejected from the left ventricle (Systole) is known as

A

Blood pressure

87
Q

Other factors that can change blood pressure (6)

A
  1. Age
  2. Weight
  3. Temp
    4.Disease
  4. Excercise
  5. Stress
88
Q

Why is blood pressure higher when taken by a doctor

A

the stress of knowing blood pressure is being taken raises blood pressure

89
Q

Normal BP range for adults systolic and dystolic

A
  1. 110 - 140
  2. 60 -80
90
Q

A patient with higher than normal systolic and dystolic blood pressure is said to be

A

Hypertensive

91
Q

A patient with lower than normal systolic and dystolic blood pressure is said to be

A

Hypotensive

92
Q

2 types of bp equipment are

A
  1. Sphygmomanometer
  2. Stethoscope
93
Q

When taking BP the first sound u hear is ___ pressure and the second is ___ Pressure

A
  1. Systolic
  2. Diastolic
94
Q

Patents legs should ___ ___ ___ when taking BP

A

Not be crossed

95
Q

Percentage of patients who did not die from cancer during a certain period of time after diagnosis is called

A

Disease specific survival

96
Q

Percentage of cancer patients who have survived a period of time after diagnosis compared to those who do not have cancer is called

A

Relative survival

97
Q

Percentage of patients with a specific of cancer and stage who did not die from any cause during a period of time after diagnosis is called

A

overall survival

98
Q

Percentage of patients who have no signs of cancer after treatment is called

A

Disease free survival

99
Q

Legal document that states how you want medical decisions to me made in event that you can not

A

Advanced directive

100
Q

What are the 3 types of advanced directives

A
  1. Mediacl power of attorney
  2. Directive to physicans
  3. DNR
101
Q

Document that lets others make medical decsions for you if you are unable to

A

Medical power of Attorney

102
Q

Document that allows you to state your wishes about medical care in terminal and irreversiable condition cases

A

Directive to physicians

103
Q

Document states that you do not want to be resuscitated

A

Out of hospital DNR

104
Q

Where do you check if a patient is DNR

A

Charts

105
Q

Hospice maily focuses on ___ ___ ___ for patients

A

Quality of life

106
Q

T/F hospice is usually started late for oncology patients

A

T

107
Q

_____ is the lack of proper nutrition

A

malnutrition

108
Q

Three types of malnutrition are

A
  1. Starvation
  2. Chronic disease
  3. Acute disease
109
Q

Ex of starvation - pure chronic starvation

A

Anorexia nervosa

110
Q

Ex of chronic disease - related malnutriton (2)

A
  1. Organ failure
  2. Pancreatic cancer
111
Q

Ex of acute disease - injury related (4)

A
  1. Major burns
  2. Closed head injury
  3. Trauma
  4. Infection
112
Q

Six indicators of malnutrition

A
  1. Insufficent energy intake
  2. Weight loss
  3. Loss of muscle mass
  4. Local fluid accumilation
  5. Decreased functional status (hand grip strenght test)
113
Q

_____ is the loss of appetite or desire to eat

A

Anorexia

114
Q

____% - ____% of cancer patients have anorexia at diagnosis

A

15% - 25%

115
Q

Anorexia can be a ____ ____ of treatment or secondary to the tumor itself

A

Side effect

116
Q

Chemo and radiation can worsen anorexia due to (3)

A
  1. Taste change
  2. Nausea
  3. Vomiting
117
Q

___ and ___ can make anorexia worse and lead to malnutrition

A
  1. Anxiety
  2. Depresion
118
Q

Progressive wasting syndrome is called

A

Cachexia

119
Q

Progressive wasting sighns

A

Significant loss of body fat and muscle

120
Q

What can increase risk of cachexia

A

GI tract tumors

121
Q

Sever muscle depletion is called

A

Sarcopenia

122
Q

Patients with lower skeletal muscle indes at diagnosis typicall have a ___ prognosis

A

worse

123
Q

Patients with sarcopenia have a lower survial rate when undergoing ___

A

Chemotherapy

124
Q

Sacropenia is thought to occure in ___% of patients with advanced stage cancer

A

50%

125
Q

Patients undergoing rad therapy with sarcopenia can experience these 3 things

A
  1. Treatment initerruptions
  2. Dose reductions
  3. Increased side effects
126
Q

Head and neck patients may require a ____ for nutritional support

A

PEG tube (enteral nutrition)

127
Q

Besides head and neck patients may require a ___ for nuritional support

A

Intravenous infusion of nutrients (parental nutrition)

128
Q

What does PEG stand for and what is it

A
  1. Percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy
  2. Feeding tube
129
Q

A patient my need a PED if they can’t (2)

A
  1. Cant swallow
  2. Get all nutrition by mouth
130
Q

Karnofsky Performance scale 100 is

A

Normal
No complaints
No evidence of disease

131
Q

Karnofsky Performance scale 90 is

A

Able to do normal activity
Minor signs of disease

132
Q

Karnofsky Performance scale 80 is

A

Able to do normal with effort activity
some signs of disease

133
Q

Karnofsky Performance scale 70 is

A

Unable to do normal activity
Cares for self

134
Q

Karnofsky Performance scale 60 is

A

Requires some assistance but able to care for most of needs

135
Q

Karnofsky Performance scale 50 is

A

Requires considerable assistance and frequent medical care

136
Q

Karnofsky Performance scale 40 is

A

Disabled
Requires special care and assistance

137
Q

Karnofsky Performance scale 30 is

A

Severly disabled
Hospital admission is indicated
Death not imminent

138
Q

Karnofsky Performance scale 20 is

A

Very sick
Hospital admission necessary

139
Q

Karnofsky Performance scale 10 is

A

Morinund
Fatal processes

140
Q

Karnofsky Performance scale 0 is

A

Dead

141
Q

Any substance that alters physical function is a ___

A

drug

142
Q

___ is administered with therapeutic intent

A

Medication

143
Q

T/F All medications are drugs, but not all drugs are medications

A

T

144
Q

Seven rights of drug safty

A
  1. Right patient
  2. Right Medication
  3. Rigth dose
  4. Right time
  5. Right rout
  6. Right documentation of delivery
  7. Right reason or indication
145
Q

What are the responsibilities of a therpaist is an emergency (3)

A
  1. Call a code
  2. Deliver O2 and perform CPR
  3. Know location of emergency supplies
146
Q

Most common contrast used in GI exams

A

Barium Sulfate

147
Q

What are 2 administration routs for barium sulfate

A
  1. Oral
  2. rectal
148
Q

Baruim sullfate coats the lining of

A

Alimentary Organs

149
Q

Barium sufate absorbs x-rays, so it creats high levels of ___

A

Contrast

150
Q

Barium sulfate requires additives to ___ ___ and ___ ___

A
  1. Facilliate ingestion
  2. Prevent clumping
151
Q

If barium irritates the colon, what does that cause?

A

Cramping

152
Q

Barium can cause a rare disease called known as ___ (fluid overload) or ___ ___ where there is an excess of fluid volume in blood

A
  1. Hypervolemia
  2. Pulmonay edema
153
Q

___% of people have some sort of reaction to contrast

A

54%

154
Q

Routs of druf admisinstration (4)

A
  1. Oral
  2. Rectal
  3. Parenteral
  4. Mucous membrance

RTT Patient Care (24 decks)

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