Head and Neck Flashcards
Facial group lymoh nodes include (5)
- Infraorbital
- node
- Buccinator
- Molar
- Mandibular
Causes of head and neck cancers (4)
- HPV (Himan papillomavirus) (oropharyngeal)
- Epstein-Barr virus infection (nasopgaryngeal)
- Preserved or salted foods (nasopgaryngeal)
- oral health
Inhalation of ___ lead to H&N cancer (4)
- Abestos
- Wood dust
- Paint fumes
- Other chemicals
Radiation to the H&N can also cause cancer of the ___ ___
Salivary Glands
Which ancerstory is at most risk of H&N cancer
Asian ancestory
Diets low in vitamin _ and _ can raise H&N cancer risk
A and E
___ into upper airway
may lead to increased H&N cancer risk
Reflux (GERD)
Prolonged ___ exposure
causes increased H&N cancer risk, especially
to the lip area.
Sun
___% of lip cancers
have outdoor ocupations
31
Oral cavity H&N cancer symptoms (2)
Swelling or ulcer that fails to heal
Oropharynx H&N cancer symptoms (2)
- Painful swallowing
- Reffered Otalgia (ear pain)
Nasopharynx H&N cancer symptoms (2)
- Bloody discharge
- Difficulty hearing
Larynx H&N cancer symptoms (2)
- Hoarseness
- Stridor
Hypopharynx H&N cancer symptoms (2)
- Dysphagia
- Painful neck node
Nose/Sinus H&N cancer symptoms (5)
- Obstruction
- Discharge
- Facial pain
- Diplopia
- Local swelling
Submandibular Lymph Nodes (3)
- Preglandular
- Prevascular
- Retrovascular
__% of H&N cancers arise from surface ___
of the ___ ___ of digestive tract—squamous
cell carcinomas
80%
epithelium
mucosal lining
Tumor grading is classified as:
○ G1: ___
○ G2: ___
○ G3: ___
well-differentiated
moderately well differentiated
poorly differentiated
Well differentiated have lower___ ___and
behave ___ ___.
proliferation rates
less aggressively
H&N cancer staging is largely dependent on (2)
Site and HPV status
cTNM staging is based on
imaging and clinical information
pTNM staging is based on
pathology (Does not replace clinical staging, only adds to it)
H&N treatment depends on (2)
Tumor Location
Stage
Stage I and II H&N cancercan often can be cured with
single-modality treatment (surgery only)
Side effects of rad therpay on H&N cancer are cumulative in
appearance, usually beginning at ___
weeks.
2-3
Mucositis is the
Inflammation and potential ulceration of the mucous membranes
___, ___, ___ may be used to
discuss mucositis found in specific structures.
stomatitis
pharyngitis
esophagitis
Treatment of Mucositis (3)
Baking soda and saltwater rinse at least 4 times a day
Maintain hydration
diet high in calories and protein
Dysphagia is
Difficult or painful swallowing
Treatment of Dysphagia include
Modified barium swallow
Xerostomia def
is individual’s subjective feeling of dry mouth and
salivary gland hypofunction
Xerostomia Can appear after one week or approximately ___-__ cGy of
radiation to the___ ___
1000-2000 cGy
oral cavity
Every patient receiving
35 Gy to a major saliva
gland will experience
___
xerostomia
The use of ___ treatment can
protect the parotid
glands, can reduce the
severity of ___
IMRT
xerostomia
Doses less than ___-___ Gy
Gy significantly preserve
salivary gland function
26-30
Taste Changes can occur ___ -
___ days after the onset of radiation with doses as
small as ___ cGy.
two to three
1000
Taste change most pronounced ___-___ months after radiation, ___
and ___ qualities were most impaired
2-3 months
bitter
salty
Gradual recovery of taste change ccurred during the ___ year of
treatment. Partial taste loss persisted ___ to ___
years after treatment.
first
One
Two
