Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Facial group lymoh nodes include (5)

A
  1. Infraorbital
  2. node
  3. Buccinator
  4. Molar
  5. Mandibular
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2
Q

Causes of head and neck cancers (4)

A
  1. HPV (Himan papillomavirus) (oropharyngeal)
  2. Epstein-Barr virus infection (nasopgaryngeal)
  3. Preserved or salted foods (nasopgaryngeal)
  4. oral health
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3
Q

Inhalation of ___ lead to H&N cancer (4)

A
  1. Abestos
  2. Wood dust
  3. Paint fumes
  4. Other chemicals
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4
Q

Radiation to the H&N can also cause cancer of the ___ ___

A

Salivary Glands

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5
Q

Which ancerstory is at most risk of H&N cancer

A

Asian ancestory

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6
Q

Diets low in vitamin _ and _ can raise H&N cancer risk

A

A and E

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7
Q

___ into upper airway
may lead to increased H&N cancer risk

A

Reflux (GERD)

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8
Q

Prolonged ___ exposure
causes increased H&N cancer risk, especially
to the lip area.

A

Sun

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9
Q

___% of lip cancers
have outdoor ocupations

A

31

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10
Q

Oral cavity H&N cancer symptoms (2)

A

Swelling or ulcer that fails to heal

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11
Q

Oropharynx H&N cancer symptoms (2)

A
  1. Painful swallowing
  2. Reffered Otalgia (ear pain)
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12
Q

Nasopharynx H&N cancer symptoms (2)

A
  1. Bloody discharge
  2. Difficulty hearing
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13
Q

Larynx H&N cancer symptoms (2)

A
  1. Hoarseness
  2. Stridor
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14
Q

Hypopharynx H&N cancer symptoms (2)

A
  1. Dysphagia
  2. Painful neck node
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15
Q

Nose/Sinus H&N cancer symptoms (5)

A
  1. Obstruction
  2. Discharge
  3. Facial pain
  4. Diplopia
  5. Local swelling
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16
Q

Submandibular Lymph Nodes (3)

A
  1. Preglandular
  2. Prevascular
  3. Retrovascular
17
Q

__% of H&N cancers arise from surface ___
of the ___ ___ of digestive tract—squamous
cell carcinomas

A

80%
epithelium
mucosal lining

18
Q

Tumor grading is classified as:
○ G1: ___
○ G2: ___
○ G3: ___

A

well-differentiated
moderately well differentiated
poorly differentiated

19
Q

Well differentiated have lower___ ___and
behave ___ ___.

A

proliferation rates
less aggressively

20
Q

H&N cancer staging is largely dependent on (2)

A

Site and HPV status

21
Q

cTNM staging is based on

A

imaging and clinical information

22
Q

pTNM staging is based on

A

pathology (Does not replace clinical staging, only adds to it)

23
Q

H&N treatment depends on (2)

A

Tumor Location
Stage

24
Q

Stage I and II H&N cancercan often can be cured with

A

single-modality treatment (surgery only)

25
Q

Side effects of rad therpay on H&N cancer are cumulative in
appearance, usually beginning at ___
weeks.

A

2-3

26
Q

Mucositis is the

A

Inflammation and potential ulceration of the mucous membranes

27
Q

___, ___, ___ may be used to
discuss mucositis found in specific structures.

A

stomatitis
pharyngitis
esophagitis

28
Q

Treatment of Mucositis (3)

A

Baking soda and saltwater rinse at least 4 times a day
Maintain hydration
diet high in calories and protein

29
Q

Dysphagia is

A

Difficult or painful swallowing

30
Q

Treatment of Dysphagia include

A

Modified barium swallow

31
Q

Xerostomia def

A

is individual’s subjective feeling of dry mouth and
salivary gland hypofunction

32
Q

Xerostomia Can appear after one week or approximately ___-__ cGy of
radiation to the___ ___

A

1000-2000 cGy
oral cavity

33
Q

Every patient receiving
35 Gy to a major saliva
gland will experience
___

A

xerostomia

34
Q

The use of ___ treatment can
protect the parotid
glands, can reduce the
severity of ___

A

IMRT
xerostomia

35
Q

Doses less than ___-___ Gy
Gy significantly preserve
salivary gland function

A

26-30

36
Q

Taste Changes can occur ___ -
___ days after the onset of radiation with doses as
small as ___ cGy.

A

two to three
1000

37
Q

Taste change most pronounced ___-___ months after radiation, ___
and ___ qualities were most impaired

A

2-3 months
bitter
salty

38
Q

Gradual recovery of taste change ccurred during the ___ year of
treatment. Partial taste loss persisted ___ to ___
years after treatment.

A

first
One
Two

39
Q
A