LT4 - Etiology of cancer Flashcards
Biggest risk of cancer
aging
Why are skin cancers more common?
Your skin divides often
Risk factors of cancer
- Age
- Genetic
- Environmental
What are genetic cancers?
Lynch syndrome –> DNA mismatch repair mutation
Li-fraumeni –> P53 mutation
BCRA1 & BCRA2 –> mutation in tumor suppressor genes
Cowden: PTEN mutation
What are environmental risk factors?
- Tobacco smoking
- Alcohol
- Hormones
- Obesity
- Diet and microbiome
- UV/sunlight
- Infectious agents
- Radioactivity
- Asbestos
What is a major carcinogen in cigarettes?
Benzopyrene (causes C>A mutation)
What happens during metabolism of alcohol?
Release of oxigen radicals –> damage of DNA, risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
What happens when estrogen binds to the receptor?
cell starts proliferating
What happens when commensal organisms are gone?
increased risk of cancer, because they keep pathogenic bacteria away
What cancers arise from exposure to UV
- basal cell carcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- melanoma (deathly)
Which infectious agents can cause which cancer?
- Humaan papilloma virus (HPV)
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) –> burkitt lymphoma, door MYC-IGH translocation
- Hepatitis B/C (liver)
- Human herpesvirus (HH8) –> kaposi sarcoma
asbest cause …
mesothelioma
