LT15 - Framework oncology and staging

Question 1

Tumor grades:

Answer 1

• GX –> can not be assesed

- G1-G4 –> from low grade/well diffferentiated to high grade/ undifferentiated

Question 2

Solid tumors

Answer 2

• local spread

- through lymphatics

Question 3

Haematological malignancies

Answer 3

• disease extent

Question 4

Common elements of staging systems

Answer 4

• Location of the primary tumor
• Tumor size and number of tumors
• Lymph node involvement (spread of cancer into lymph nodes)
• Cell type and tumor grade (how closely the cancer cells resemble normal tissue)
• Presence or absence of distant metastasis

Question 5

TNM staging

Answer 5

T = extend of tumor
N = regional lymph node involvement
M = metastasis?

Question 6

Which N stage in breast cancer is:

1. Sentinel node involved
2. lymphnodes around the clavicula

Answer 6

1. N1

2. N2

Question 7

Classification system for colon cancer

Answer 7

Duke’s classification

Question 8

Staging systems for melanoma’s

Answer 8

• Breslow scale (tells something about the tickness)

- Clark’s level (tells somthing about invasion in the epidermis)

Question 9

Staging system for gynaecological tumors

Answer 9

FIGO staging

Question 10

Welke metastases komen vaak voor in lung cancer?

Answer 10

brain metastasis

Question 11

Adjuvant therapy

Answer 11

treatment given after primary treatment

Question 12

Neoadjuvant therapy

Answer 12

treatment given before primary treatment

Question 13

Concomitant therapy

Answer 13

2 treatments in the same time period

Question 14

Sequential therapy

Answer 14

2 treatments after eachother

Question 15

Elective therapy

Answer 15

removing non-metastizing tumor before involvement in other organs