LT13 - Heterogeneity in cancer

Question 1

intratumor heterogenity

Answer 1

several clones inside a tumor mass

Question 2

Intertumor heterogenity

Answer 2

different tumors in one patient

Question 3

does a strong immune response to a tumor a better or worse clinical outcome?

Answer 3

Better

Question 4

Mostly mutated in CRC:

Answer 4

APC

Question 5

Mostly mutated in breast cancer:

Answer 5

CDH1

Question 6

often mutated in both CRC and breast cancer

Answer 6

TP53 and PIK3CA

Question 7

HER2 is often mutated in:

Answer 7

Breast- and urothelial cancer

Question 8

Therapy against HER2 mutation cancers

Answer 8

trastuzumab

Question 9

Why cant EGFR, KRAS and BRAF not be in the same pathway

Answer 9

they are oncogenes in the same pathway

Question 10

A big percentage of CRC cancers is DNA repair proficient , this means

Answer 10

little mutations

Question 11

Drivers genes

Answer 11

Have high mutation frequency

Question 12

Examples of drivers genes

Answer 12

APC, TP53, KRAS

Question 13

Passenger genes

Answer 13

have low mutation frequency

Question 14

When does 5-FU only work?

Answer 14

in MMR-proficient tumors, because 5-FU needs to be incorperated into the DNA