LT18 - Biomarkers

Question 1

Biomarker

Answer 1

measurable indicator of some biological state/condition

Question 2

What are exosomes

Answer 2

Little parts from the tumor that come loose and travel through the blood. May support outgrowth from tumor cells

Question 3

CTC

Answer 3

Circulating tumor cells, prognostic and predictive biomarker

Question 4

What can be used instead of a biopsy to stratify for targeted therapy

Answer 4

CTC

Question 5

Why does the ideal tumor marker not exist?

Answer 5

All tumor markers are also components of plasma

Question 6

CEA tumor marker

Answer 6

• > 10 mg/L
• marker for CRC, but also breast and lung
• elevated in smokers

Question 7

AFP tumor marker

Answer 7

• > 10 mg/L

- Tumor marker for liver and tresticular cancer

Question 8

AFP+hCG elevated

Answer 8

marker for testicular nonseminoma

Question 9

LDH+hCG elevated

Answer 9

marker for testicular seminoma

Question 10

CA 19-9 tumor marker

Answer 10

• > 37 U/mL

- Marker for panvreatic cancer

Question 11

hCG

Answer 11

• > 10 mLU/mL

- Marker for testicular cancer

Question 12

PSA

Answer 12

• marker for prostate cancer

Question 13

CA125

Answer 13

• product of the MUC16

- marker for ovarian cancer

Question 14

CA15-3

Answer 14

• product of the MUC1

- marker for breast cancer

Question 15

Thyroglobulin

Answer 15

• marker for thyroid cancer

Question 16

Good prognosis testicular cancer

Answer 16

AFP < 1000 ug/L
HCG < 5000 IU/L
LDH 1,5x upper limit

Question 17

intermediate prognosis testicular cancer

Answer 17

1000 < AFP < 10.000 ug/L
5000 < HCG < 50.000 IU/L
1,5 < LDH < 10 x upper limit

Question 18

bad prognosis testicular cancer

Answer 18

AFP > 10.000 ug/L
HCG > 50.000 IU/L
LDH > 10x upper limit