LP6: Nutrition and Fluid &Electrolyte (Part1)

Question 1

What is the physiology of Nutrition?

Answer 1

Nutrients are needed for digestion, absorption and metabolism.

Question 2

What are factors that influence energy requirements?

Answer 2

*Age and growth (infants and adolescents are growing)

*Sex (Males = More muscles; Females= More fat)

*Climate
*Health
*Body size
*Activity
*Pregnancy

Question 3

What factors affect nutrition?

Answer 3

*Ethnicity and culture
*Medication
*Economics
*Food fads
*Health
*Alcohol consumption
*Advertising
*Psychological factors.

Question 4

What forms part of the Essential Nutrients?

Answer 4

-Water
-Carbohydrates
-Proteins
-Fats
-Vitamins
-Minerals

Question 5

Water

Answer 5

-Makes up 60-70% of body weight.
-Should consume 8-10 glasses (2,000-2,400mL)/day.

Question 6

Carbohydrates

Answer 6

-Major source of energy
-Value: 4kcal/g
-Should consume 55-60% (300g) of cal/day
-Sources: Fruits, whoel grains, legumes, sugar, veggies.

Question 7

Fiber

Answer 7

-Found in complex carbs
-Should consume 20-30g/day
-Prevents constipation, diverticulitis, diabetes, colon cancer, and heart disease.

Question 8

Proteins

Answer 8

-Sythesis of body tissue in growth, maintenance and repair.
-Value: 4kcal/g
-Should consume 10-15% (50g) of cal.
-Sources: Meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, whole grains, legumes, and poultry.

Question 9

What are Complete Proteins?

Answer 9

Proteins that come from animals.

Question 10

What are Incomplete Proteins?

Answer 10

Proteins that come from veggies.

Question 11

What is the Metabolism of Proteins?

Answer 11

Composed of:
-Anabolisms -> Build muscles
-Catabolisms -> Breaking down muscles.
-Nitrogen balance -> Measure of the degree of anabolism and catabolism.

Question 12

Fats

Answer 12

-Stored energy, absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, protection
-Value: 9kcal/g
-Should be <30% of cal. (65g)
-Sources: Veg. oil, meats, butter, dairy products.

Question 13

What are Water-Soluble Vitamins?

Answer 13

Vitamins that the body cannot store but need daily.

Such as:
*Vitamin C
*Thiamine (VB1)
*Riboflavin (VB2)
*Niacin (VB3)
*Pyroxidine (VB6)
*Folacin/Folate (VB9)
*Cyanocobalamin (VB12)

Question 14

Vitamin C

Answer 14

-Collage n formation
-Aids in iron absorption and formation of RBCs
-Heals wounds
-ANTIOXIDANT

Question 15

Thiamine (VB1)

Answer 15

Necessary for a healthy brain, nerves, and heart.

Question 16

Riboflavin (VB2)

Answer 16

Converts carbs into energy

Question 17

Niacin (VB3)

Answer 17

-Concerts food into energy
-Maintains normal skin, nerves, and digestive system.
-May be used to lower cholesterol

Question 18

Pyroxide (VB6)

Answer 18

-Maintains normal brain function.
-Important in chemical raction of proteins
-May be used PMS, morning sickness and depression

Question 19

Folacin/Folate (VB9)

Answer 19

-Aids in maturation of RBCs
-Important in synthesis of DNA and tissue growth
-Prevents neural tube defects

Question 20

Cyanocobalamin (VB12)

Answer 20

-Aids in RBCs formation and maintains the CNS
-Necessary for absorptions of VB12
-Anemic pts need VB12 injections.

Question 21

What are Fat-Soluble Vitamins?

Answer 21

Vitamins that the body can store.

Such as:
*Vitamin K
*Vitamin A
*Vitamin D
*Vitamin E

Question 22

Vitamin K

Answer 22

-Needed for blood cloting

Question 23

Vitamin A

Answer 23

-Comes from animal sources.
-Promotes good vision in dim light
-Maintains healthy skin
-Accutane

Question 24

Vitamin D

Answer 24

-Promotes absorption of Calcium
-Sunshine vitamin
-Manufactured by the body

Question 25

Vitamin E

Answer 25

-Antioxidant that protects tissues against the damage of unstable O2 molecules.
-May reduce harmful effects of LDL cholesterol

Question 26

What are Antioxidants?

Answer 26

They repair molecular damage caused by unstable O2 molecules.

*Vitamin C
*Vitamin E
*Beta carotene

Question 27

What are minerals?

Answer 27

Composed of:

-Calcium
-Iron
-Sodium
-Zinc
-Potassium

Question 28

Calcium

Answer 28

-Building and maintaining strong bones and teeth
-Helps regulate heartbeat
-Needed for blood clotting

Question 29

Iron

Answer 29

-Essential to the formation of hemoglobin (RBCs) which carries oxygen in the blood
-Vitamin C increases absorption of iron from the stomach

Question 30

Sodium

Answer 30

-Helps regulate BP and water balance
-Sodium is important for the neurological system.

Question 31

Zinc

Answer 31

-Essential for wound healing
-Proper functioning of the immune system, taste and smell acuity

Question 32

Potassium

Answer 32

-Vital for muscle contraction
-Nerve impulses
-Proper functioning of the heart and kidneys

Question 33

MY PLATE

Answer 33

The level of intake of essential nutrients considered to be adequate to meet the nutritional needs of healthy people.

Question 34

Alcohol Consumption

Answer 34

1 drink/day for women
2 drinks/day for men

Question 35

Assessment of Nutrition

Answer 35

A,B,C,D

*Anthropometric Data
*Biochemical/ Lab Data
*Clinical Signs and Symptoms
*Dietary Data

Question 36

Anthropometric Data

Answer 36

-H&W
-BMI (Body Mass Index)
-IBW (Ideal Body Weight)
-Triceps skinfold

Question 37

Biochemical/ Lad Data

Answer 37

-Albumin (Protein)
-Hemoglobin
-Total lymphocyte count
-Urinary urea nitrogen
-Urinary creatinine

Question 38

Clinical S/S

Answer 38

-Gen. appearance
-Weight
-Skin
-Nails
-Hair
-Eyes
-Lips
-Mouth
-Gums
-Muscles
-GI
-Neurologic

Question 39

Dietary Data

Answer 39

-24hr food recall
-Diet hx (Unintentional weight gain/loss of 10% within 6 months)

Question 40

BMI Categories

Answer 40

-Underweight <18.5
-Healthy weight 18.5-24.9
-Overweight 25-29.9
-Obese (class1) 30-34.9
-Obese (class2) 35-39.9
-Extreme obese >40

Question 41

Calculation of Percent of Weight Loss

Answer 41

usual wt - current wt / usual wt x 100

Question 42

What is the physiology of Fluid Balance?

Answer 42

Fluid compartments (where fluids get stored)

-Cells
-Blood vessels
-Tissue space (interstitial)