LP6: Nutrition and Fluid &Electrolyte (Part1) Flashcards
What is the physiology of Nutrition?
Nutrients are needed for digestion, absorption and metabolism.
What are factors that influence energy requirements?
*Age and growth (infants and adolescents are growing)
*Sex (Males = More muscles; Females= More fat)
*Climate
*Health
*Body size
*Activity
*Pregnancy
What factors affect nutrition?
*Ethnicity and culture
*Medication
*Economics
*Food fads
*Health
*Alcohol consumption
*Advertising
*Psychological factors.
What forms part of the Essential Nutrients?
-Water
-Carbohydrates
-Proteins
-Fats
-Vitamins
-Minerals
Water
-Makes up 60-70% of body weight.
-Should consume 8-10 glasses (2,000-2,400mL)/day.
Carbohydrates
-Major source of energy
-Value: 4kcal/g
-Should consume 55-60% (300g) of cal/day
-Sources: Fruits, whoel grains, legumes, sugar, veggies.
Fiber
-Found in complex carbs
-Should consume 20-30g/day
-Prevents constipation, diverticulitis, diabetes, colon cancer, and heart disease.
Proteins
-Sythesis of body tissue in growth, maintenance and repair.
-Value: 4kcal/g
-Should consume 10-15% (50g) of cal.
-Sources: Meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, whole grains, legumes, and poultry.
What are Complete Proteins?
Proteins that come from animals.
What are Incomplete Proteins?
Proteins that come from veggies.
What is the Metabolism of Proteins?
Composed of:
-Anabolisms -> Build muscles
-Catabolisms -> Breaking down muscles.
-Nitrogen balance -> Measure of the degree of anabolism and catabolism.
Fats
-Stored energy, absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, protection
-Value: 9kcal/g
-Should be <30% of cal. (65g)
-Sources: Veg. oil, meats, butter, dairy products.
What are Water-Soluble Vitamins?
Vitamins that the body cannot store but need daily.
Such as:
*Vitamin C
*Thiamine (VB1)
*Riboflavin (VB2)
*Niacin (VB3)
*Pyroxidine (VB6)
*Folacin/Folate (VB9)
*Cyanocobalamin (VB12)
Vitamin C
-Collage n formation
-Aids in iron absorption and formation of RBCs
-Heals wounds
-ANTIOXIDANT
Thiamine (VB1)
Necessary for a healthy brain, nerves, and heart.
Riboflavin (VB2)
Converts carbs into energy
Niacin (VB3)
-Concerts food into energy
-Maintains normal skin, nerves, and digestive system.
-May be used to lower cholesterol
Pyroxide (VB6)
-Maintains normal brain function.
-Important in chemical raction of proteins
-May be used PMS, morning sickness and depression
Folacin/Folate (VB9)
-Aids in maturation of RBCs
-Important in synthesis of DNA and tissue growth
-Prevents neural tube defects
Cyanocobalamin (VB12)
-Aids in RBCs formation and maintains the CNS
-Necessary for absorptions of VB12
-Anemic pts need VB12 injections.
What are Fat-Soluble Vitamins?
Vitamins that the body can store.
Such as:
*Vitamin K
*Vitamin A
*Vitamin D
*Vitamin E
Vitamin K
-Needed for blood cloting
Vitamin A
-Comes from animal sources.
-Promotes good vision in dim light
-Maintains healthy skin
-Accutane
Vitamin D
-Promotes absorption of Calcium
-Sunshine vitamin
-Manufactured by the body
Vitamin E
-Antioxidant that protects tissues against the damage of unstable O2 molecules.
-May reduce harmful effects of LDL cholesterol
What are Antioxidants?
They repair molecular damage caused by unstable O2 molecules.
*Vitamin C
*Vitamin E
*Beta carotene
What are minerals?
Composed of:
-Calcium
-Iron
-Sodium
-Zinc
-Potassium
Calcium
-Building and maintaining strong bones and teeth
-Helps regulate heartbeat
-Needed for blood clotting
Iron
-Essential to the formation of hemoglobin (RBCs) which carries oxygen in the blood
-Vitamin C increases absorption of iron from the stomach
Sodium
-Helps regulate BP and water balance
-Sodium is important for the neurological system.
Zinc
-Essential for wound healing
-Proper functioning of the immune system, taste and smell acuity
Potassium
-Vital for muscle contraction
-Nerve impulses
-Proper functioning of the heart and kidneys
MY PLATE
The level of intake of essential nutrients considered to be adequate to meet the nutritional needs of healthy people.
Alcohol Consumption
1 drink/day for women
2 drinks/day for men
Assessment of Nutrition
A,B,C,D
*Anthropometric Data
*Biochemical/ Lab Data
*Clinical Signs and Symptoms
*Dietary Data
Anthropometric Data
-H&W
-BMI (Body Mass Index)
-IBW (Ideal Body Weight)
-Triceps skinfold
Biochemical/ Lad Data
-Albumin (Protein)
-Hemoglobin
-Total lymphocyte count
-Urinary urea nitrogen
-Urinary creatinine
Clinical S/S
-Gen. appearance
-Weight
-Skin
-Nails
-Hair
-Eyes
-Lips
-Mouth
-Gums
-Muscles
-GI
-Neurologic
Dietary Data
-24hr food recall
-Diet hx (Unintentional weight gain/loss of 10% within 6 months)
BMI Categories
-Underweight <18.5
-Healthy weight 18.5-24.9
-Overweight 25-29.9
-Obese (class1) 30-34.9
-Obese (class2) 35-39.9
-Extreme obese >40
Calculation of Percent of Weight Loss
usual wt - current wt / usual wt x 100
What is the physiology of Fluid Balance?
Fluid compartments (where fluids get stored)
-Cells
-Blood vessels
-Tissue space (interstitial)
