LP14: Oxygenation Flashcards
What is the Structure of the Respiratory System?
-Upper respiratory system (above the throat)
-Lower respiratory system (below the throat)
What is Pulmonary Ventilation?
The process of breathing
What is Alveolar Gas Exchange?
-Diffusion (The movement of gasses)
-Oxygen is good gass
-Carbon dioxyde is bad gas
What is the function of Hemoglobin in the RBCs?
It carries and transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.
What part of the brain regulates Respirations?
The medulla oblongata
Administering too much of what can cause the COPD client to stop breathing?
Oxygen
What factors affect respiratory function?
-Age
-Environment
-Lifestyle
-Health status
-Medications
-Stress
At what age do the lungs reach their full inflation?
2 weeks of age
What are the conditions that affect the airways?
-Upper airway obstruction of a foreign object, tongue or secretions in the nose, pharynx, or larynx
-Lower airway obstruction or mucous or inflammation in the lungs or bronchi
What is a Partial Obstuction?
Low-pitch snoring during inhalation
What is a Complete Obstruction?
Inability to cough or speak.
What is Stridor?
Harsh, high-pitched sound on inspiration.
What are ADVENTITIOUS breath sounds?
Abnormal breath sounds
What are the Conditions that affect the movement of air?
-Tachypnea
-Bradypnea
-Apnea
-Hypoventilation
-Hyperventilation
What is Tachypnea?
Rapid respirations
Seen with fevers, metabolic acidosis, pain, and hypoxemia.
What is Bradypnea?
Abnormally slow respiration rate, may be caused by drugs (opioids), metabolic alkalosis, increased intracranial pressure (brain injuries).
What is Apnea?
The absence of breathing
What is Eupnea?
Normal breathing
What is Hypoventilation?
Slow or shallow breathing, or both.
Caused by diseases of the resp. muscles, drugs or anesthesia. Can lead to HYPERCAPNIA.
What is Hypercapnia?
Too much carbon dioxide. May cause brain damage.
What is Hyperventilation?
Increased rate and depth of resp. caused by stress and anxiety.
What is Kassmaul’s breathing?
When the body tries to blow off acid.
“Dog-like breathing”
What are Cheyne-Stroke respirations?
Rhythmic waxing/waning of resp., deep or shallow with short apnea.
Caused by chronic disease, and drug overdose.
What are Biot’s Respirations?
Shallow breaths interrupted by apnea.
Seen with CNS disorders.
What is Orthopnea?
Inability to breathe easily unless sitting upright or standing.
What is Dyspnea?
Difficulty breathing/ SOB
What is Hypoxemia?
Low oxygen in the nlood.
-Pulm. edema
-low hemoglobin
-atelectasis
What is Hypoxia?
Insufficient oxygen anywhere in the body.
What are the signs and symptoms of Hypoxia?
-Rapid pulse
-Rapid, shallow resp. and dyspea
-Increased restlessness or lightheadedness
-Flaring of nares
-Substernal or intercostal retractions
-Cyanosis
How can Respiratory Functioning be facilitated?
Encourage deep breathing and coughing.
-Pursed-lip breathing
-Normal forceful coughing
-Huff cough for COPD clients
What does Expectorate mean?
To spit out
How does Pursed-Lip breathing work?
Breathing in through the nose, breathing out through the mouth.
What is Huff cough?
When patients take in deep breaths then cough 3 times
How does hydration interact with oxygination?
Increase fluid intake to thin secretions. Humidifiers are used to moist resp. mucous membranes.
What medications can be used for clients with oxygenation problems?
-Bronchodilators (dilates airways)
-Anti-inflammatory drugs
-Expectorants
B&A increase PR
Why is Oxygen therapy used?
To determine effectiveness.
*Check VS
*Pulse oxymetry
What types of oxygen therapy can be used?
-Portable systems (cylinders or tanks)
-Wall outlets
What are the 3 types of oxygen?
-Dry (cylinder or wall outlet)
-Liquid
-Oxygen concentration
What are the oxygen delivery systems?
-Cannula
-Face mask
-Face tent
-Transtracheal catheter
-Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP)
